在英语中,附加疑问句是一种特殊的句型,用于确认或者寻求对方的同意。它主要分为两类:反意附加疑问句和非反意附加疑问句。反意附加疑问句由一个陈述句加上一个简短的疑问句组成,这两个部分在意义上形成对比。下面将详细解析这些知识点:
1. 反意附加疑问句的构成遵循“肯定陈述+否定疑问”或“否定陈述+肯定疑问”的原则。例如:“You are a student, aren't you?”
2. 在否定的简略问句中,not通常会与be、do、will等系动词、助动词或情态动词缩写在一起,如:“She isn't coming, is she?”
3. 简略问句的主语不使用名词,而是用人称代词,如:“He is a teacher, isn't he?”
4. 当陈述部分包含“too...to”结构时,疑问部分为否定形式,如:“It's too late to go out, isn't it?”
5. 如果陈述部分含有wish,疑问部分则使用may + 主语,如:“I wish to help you, may I?”
6. 含有ought to的反意疑问句,若陈述部分为肯定,则疑问部分用shouldn't/oughtn't + 主语,如:“You ought to study more, shouldn't you?”
7. 陈述部分谓语为have to/had to时,疑问部分常用don't/didn't + 主语,例如:“You have to leave now, don't you?”
8. 陈述部分谓语为used to时,疑问部分既可以用didn't + 主语,也可用usedn't + 主语,如:“We used to play together, didn't we?”
9. had better结构的反意疑问句,疑问部分用hadn't you,如:“You'd better go now, hadn't you?”
10. 陈述部分含有would rather + v.,疑问部分通常用wouldn't + 主语,如:“She would rather stay at home, wouldn't she?”
11. 陈述部分有You'd like to + v.,疑问部分用wouldn't + 主语,如:“You'd like to join us, wouldn't you?”
12. must在不同语境下有不同的反意疑问句形式:
- 表示“应该”时,疑问部分用mustn't,如:“You must study hard, mustn't you?”
- 表示“必须”时,疑问部分用needn't,如:“You must complete the task, needn't you?”
- 当must表示禁止时,疑问部分可用must或may,如:“You mustn't smoke here, must/may you?”
- 表示推测时,疑问部分根据must后面动词的形式变化,如:“You must know the answer, don't you?”
13. 感叹句中的附加疑问句用be + 主语,如:“What a beautiful day, isn't it?”
14. 对于neither ⋯ nor, either⋯ or连接的并列主语,疑问部分依据实际逻辑意义,如:“Neither you nor I am invited, are we?”
通过理解并熟练运用这些规则,你可以构建准确的英语附加疑问句,以增强你的表达能力和沟通效率。在实际应用中,注意结合语境选择适当的句型,以确保语言的准确性和得体性。