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OWASP TOP 10

THE TEN MOST CRITICAL WEB

APPLICATION SECURITY VULNERABILITIES

2007 UPDATE

This document is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 license

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................................................... 2

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................... 3

Summary ........................................................................................................................................................................ 4

Methodology ................................................................................................................................................................. 5

A1 – Cross Site Scripting (XSS) ....................................................................................................................................... 8

A2 – Injection Flaws ..................................................................................................................................................... 11

A3 – Malicious File Execution ...................................................................................................................................... 14

A4 – Insecure Direct Object Reference ........................................................................................................................ 18

A5 – Cross Site Request Forgery (CSRF) ....................................................................................................................... 20

A6 – Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling ............................................................................................ 23

A7 – Broken Authentication and Session Management .............................................................................................. 25

A8 – Insecure Cryptographic Storage .......................................................................................................................... 27

A9 – Insecure Communications ................................................................................................................................... 29

A10 – Failure to Restrict URL Access ........................................................................................................................... 31

Where To Go From Here.............................................................................................................................................. 33

References ................................................................................................................................................................... 35

OWASP Top 10 2007

INTRODUCTION

Welcome to the OWASP Top 10 2007! This totally re-written edition lists the most serious web application

vulnerabilities, discusses how to protect against them, and provides links to more information.

AIM

The primary aim of the OWASP Top 10 is to educate developers, designers, architects and organizations about

the consequences of the most common web application security vulnerabilities. The Top 10 provides basic

methods to protect against these vulnerabilities – a great start to your secure coding security program.

Security is not a one-time event. It is insufficient to secure your code just once. By 2008, this Top 10 will have

changed, and without changing a line of your application’s code, you may be vulnerable. Please review the advice

in Where to go from here for more information.

A secure coding initiative must deal with all stages of a program’s lifecycle. Secure web applications are only

possible when a secure SDLC is used. Secure programs are secure by design, during development, and by default.

There are at least 300 issues that affect the overall security of a web application. These 300+ issues are detailed in

the OWASP Guide, which is essential reading for anyone developing web applications today.

This document is first and foremost an education piece, not a standard. Please do not adopt this document as a

policy or standard without talking to us first! If you need a secure coding policy or standard, OWASP has secure

coding policies and standards projects in progress. Please consider joining or financially assisting with these efforts.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We thank MITRE for making Vulnerability Type Distribution in CVE data freely

available for use. The OWASP Top Ten project is led and sponsored by Aspect Security.

Project Lead: Andrew van der Stock (Executive Director, OWASP Foundation)

Co-authors: Jeff Williams (Chair, OWASP Foundation), Dave Wichers (Conference Chair, OWASP Foundation)

We’d like to thank our reviewers:

Raoul Endres for help in getting the Top 10 going again and with his valuable comments

Steve Christey (MITRE) for an extensive peer review and adding the MITRE CWE data

Jeremiah Grossman (White Hat Security) for peer reviewing and contributing information about the

success (or otherwise) of automated means of detection

Sylvan von Stuppe for an exemplary peer review

Colin Wong, Nigel Evans, Andre Gironda, Neil Smithline for e-mailed comments

SUMMARY

A1 – Cross Site Scripting (XSS)

XSS flaws occur whenever an application takes user supplied data and sends it

to a web browser without first validating or encoding that content. XSS allows

attackers to execute script in the victim’s browser which can hijack user

sessions, deface web sites, possibly introduce worms, etc.

A2 – Injection Flaws

Injection flaws, particularly SQL injection, are common in web applications.

Injection occurs when user-supplied data is sent to an interpreter as part of a

command or query. The attacker’s hostile data tricks the interpreter into

executing unintended commands or changing data.

A3 – Malicious File Execution

Code vulnerable to remote file inclusion (RFI) allows attackers to include hostile

code and data, resulting in devastating attacks, such as total server

compromise. Malicious file execution attacks affect PHP, XML and any

framework which accepts filenames or files from users.

A4 – Insecure Direct Object

Reference

A direct object reference occurs when a developer exposes a reference to an

internal implementation object, such as a file, directory, database record, or

key, as a URL or form parameter. Attackers can manipulate those references to

access other objects without authorization.

A5 – Cross Site Request Forgery

(CSRF)

A CSRF attack forces a logged-on victim’s browser to send a pre-authenticated

request to a vulnerable web application, which then forces the victim’s browser

to perform a hostile action to the benefit of the attacker. CSRF can be as

powerful as the web application that it attacks.

A6 – Information Leakage and

Improper Error Handling

Applications can unintentionally leak information about their configuration,

internal workings, or violate privacy through a variety of application problems.

Attackers use this weakness to steal sensitive data or conduct more serious

attacks.

A7 – Broken Authentication and

Session Management

Account credentials and session tokens are often not properly protected.

Attackers compromise passwords, keys, or authentication tokens to assume

other users’ identities.

A8 – Insecure Cryptographic

Storage

Web applications rarely use cryptographic functions properly to protect data

and credentials. Attackers use weakly protected data to conduct identity theft

and other crimes, such as credit card fraud.

A9 – Insecure Communications

Applications frequently fail to encrypt network traffic when it is necessary to

protect sensitive communications.

A10 – Failure to Restrict URL Access

Frequently, an application only protects sensitive functionality by preventing

the display of links or URLs to unauthorized users. Attackers can use this

weakness to access and perform unauthorized operations by accessing those

URLs directly.

Table 1: Top 10 Web application vulnerabilities for 2007

OWASP Top 10 2007

METHODOLOGY

Our methodology for the Top 10 2007 was simple: take the MITRE Vulnerability Trends for 2006, and distill the Top

10 web application security issues. The ranked results are as follows:

Figure 2: MITRE data on Top 10 web application vulnerabilities for 2006

Although we tried to preserve a one to one mapping of MITRE raw vulnerability data to our section headings, we

have deliberately changed some of the later categories to more closely map to root causes. If you are interested in

the final 2006 raw data from MITRE, we have included an Excel worksheet on the OWASP Top 10 web site.

All of the protection recommendations provide solutions for the three most prevalent web application

frameworks: Java EE, ASP.NET, and PHP. Other common web application frameworks, such as Ruby on Rails or Perl

can easily adapt the recommendations to suit their specific needs.

WHY WE HAVE DROPPED SOME IMPORTANT ISSUES

Unvalidated input is a major challenge for any development team, and is at the root of many application security

problems. In fact, many of the other items in the list recommend validating input as a part of the solution. We still

strongly recommend creating a centralized input validation mechanism as a part of your web applications. For

more information, read the following data validation articles at OWASP:

 http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Data_Validation

 http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Testing_for_Data_Validation

Buffer overflows, integer overflows and format string issues are extremely serious vulnerabilities for programs

written in languages such as C or C++. Remediation for these issues is covered by the traditional non-web

application security community, such as SANS, CERT, and programming language tool vendors. If your code is

written in a language that is likely to suffer buffer overflows, we encourage you to read the buffer overflow

content on OWASP:

 http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Buffer_overflow

 http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Testing_for_Buffer_Overflow

剩余34页未读，继续阅读

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qingye007

2012-01-07

可惜是英文版，内容还不错

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