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ARIN
C
Protoco
l
Tutoria
l
Docu
m
e
n
t
Date:
Document Revision:
ZhengHong Aviation Tech Co.,ltd
#1 TaiBai North Rd. Xi'an 710068 China
23
May
,
200
5
1.0
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info@zhhktech.com (email)
http://www.zhhktech.com
http://www.1553b-arinc429.com
ARINC 429
Protocol Tutorial
Content
s
an
d
Tables
Contents
Chapte
r
1
ARIN
C
42
9
Tutorial
Introduction.................................................................................................... 1
About ARINC................................................................................................ 2
What is ARINC 429? ............................................................................... 2
ARINC 429 Usage ................................................................................... 3
ARINC 429 Electrical Characteristics .......................................................... 3
Protocol .................................................................................................... 5
Bit Timing and Slew Rate ........................................................................ 6
ARINC 429 Word Format............................................................................. 7
Parity......................................................................................................... 7
SSM .......................................................................................................... 7
Data........................................................................................................... 8
SDI............................................................................................................ 8
Label ......................................................................................................... 8
Transmission Order .................................................................................. 8
ARINC 429 Data Types ................................................................................ 9
BCD Data Encoding................................................................................. 9
BNR Data Encoding................................................................................. 9
Mixed Formats ....................................................................................... 10
Discrete Data Formats............................................................................ 11
Maintenance Data................................................................................... 12
Data Translation Method ............................................................................. 12
Bit Oriented Protocols ................................................................................. 15
Chapte
r
3
Othe
r
ARIN
C
Protocols
ARINC 419 .................................................................................................. 19
ARINC 453 .................................................................................................. 20
ARIN
C
Protoco
l
T
utorial
i
Chapte
r
2
ARIN
C
429
Testing
Test Equipment ........................................................................................... 18
ARINC 561/568........................................................................................... 20
ARINC 573 .................................................................................................. 20
ARINC 575 .................................................................................................. 21
ARINC 582 .................................................................................................. 21
ARINC 615 .................................................................................................. 21
ARINC 629 .................................................................................................. 22
ARINC 708 .................................................................................................. 22
ARINC 717 .................................................................................................. 22
Appendi
x
A
References
List of References ........................................................................................ 23
Tabl
e
o
f
Figures
Figur
e
1
.
ARIN
C
42
9
Bi
t
Encodin
g
Exa
m
pl
e
.............................................
.
5
Figure 2. Slew Rates and Bit Timing Diagram ............................................. 6
Figure 3. Generalized ARINC Word Format................................................ 7
Figure 4. Generalized BCD Word Format .................................................... 9
Figure 5. BCD Word Format Example ......................................................... 9
Figure 6. Generalized BNR Word Format ..................................................10
Figure 7. Example BNR Encoding..............................................................10
Figure 8. File Transfer Scheme Version 1 (no Windows)..........................16
Figure 9. ARINC 561 6-Wire Bit Encoding ...............................................20
Figure 10. Harvard Bi-phase Bit Encoding.................................................21
Lis
t
o
f
Tables
Tabl
e
1
.
Partia
l
Lis
t
o
f
Equip
m
en
t
ID
s
....
....................................................
.
4
Table 2. ARINC 429 Characteristic Summary ............................................. 5
Table 3. ARINC Bit Characteristics.............................................................. 6
Table 4. SSM Codes for BCD data ............................................................... 7
Table 5. SSM Codes for BNR data ............................................................... 7
Table 6. Dedicated Discrete Example .........................................................11
Table 7. Examples of BCD Labels..............................................................13
Table 8. Examples of BNR Labels..............................................................13
Table 9. Equipment IDs for Tables 6 and 7 ................................................13
Table 10. Message Sequence for Label 241 ...............................................14
Table 11. Systems Using Bit Oriented Communications
and Their Address Labels ............................................................................17
ii
ARIN
C
Protoco
l
T
utorial
CHAPTER 1
1
.
ARIN
C
42
9
Protocol
Tutorial
Introduction
Thi
s
docu
m
en
t
provide
s
a
n
overvi
e
w
o
f
ARIN
C
42
9
an
d
othe
r
ARINC
protocols. ARINC 429 is the most commonly used data bus for
commercial and transport aircraft. This document explains the origins of
the ARINC Corporation, the data bus specification and where ARINC
429
is used. Then it summarizes the principal electrical and data
characteristics, which are defined in the specification.
Thi
s
docu
m
en
t
i
s
no
t
a
co
m
plet
e
descr
i
ptio
n
o
f
ARIN
C
429
.
I
t
i
s
intended
only as a brief tutorial and isn’t meant to replace the complete
specification, which can be purchased from ARINC (see Appendix A,
“References” for contact information).
ARIN
C
42
9
e
m
plo
y
s
unidirectiona
l
trans
m
issio
n
o
f
3
2
bi
t
word
s
ove
r
two
wire twisted pairs using bipolar RZ format. This tutorial includes charts
illustrating slew times and bit timing. It describes the five fields in each
word and explains the use of labels. Messages are repeated at specified
intervals with typical applications sending groups or frames of messages.
Examples are given of the commonly used word formats such as BNR,
BCD, Discrete data, and other formats. Also explained is a newer bit-
oriented protocol, sometimes called the Williamsburg Protocol, which has
been introduced to provide an improved method of transmitting files of
data. Additionally, the document includes a brief explanation of other
ARINC specifications, such as 419, 561, 573, 582, 615, and 717.
Frequen
t
reference
s
ar
e
m
a
d
e
t
o
ARIN
C
Specificatio
n
42
9
an
d
m
a
ny
examples are taken from it. This tutorial is intended to introduce you to
the
subject. Individuals needing more detail should obtain a copy of the
specification from ARINC and also should consider consulting other
sources identified in the list of references.
Thi
s
docu
m
en
t
ha
s
bee
n
prepare
d
b
y
Condo
r
Engineerin
g
Incorporate
d
for
use by its employees and customers. Condor is a full-service ma
nufacturer
of Test, Simulation, and Interface products for avionics data buses. The
hardware and software can be used to monitor or simulate data bus
ARIN
C
Protoco
l
T
utorial
1
Abo
ut ARINC
ARINC 429
T
u
torial
m
e
ssage
s
fo
r
anal
y
s
e
s
an
d
fo
r
si
m
ulatin
g
bu
s
operation
.
T
o
lear
n
abou
t
the
full line of Condor products, visit our Web site or contact us by phone or
fax. Information can also be obtained via e-mail. See the Copyrights page
of this manual for the latest contact information. Detailed installation and
user manuals are provided with each product, and demonstration software
is available free of charge.
Abou
t
ARINC
Aeronautica
l
Radio
,
Incorporate
d
(AR
INC
)
i
s
a
m
a
jo
r
co
m
pan
y
that
develops and operates systems and services to ensure the efficiency,
operation, and performance of the aviation and travel industries. It was
organized in 1929 by four major airlines to provide a single licensee and
coordinator of radio communications outside the government. Only
airlines and aviation-related companies can be shareholders, although all
airlines and aircraft can use ARINC’s services. It is now a $280 million
company with headquarters in Annapolis, Maryland and over 50 operating
locations worldwide. The company has two major thrusts:
Co
mm
unication
s
an
d
infor
m
atio
n
pro
c
essin
g
service
s
fo
r
th
e
aviation
and travel industry.
System engineering, development and integration for government and
industry.
„
„
ARIN
C
ha
s
provide
d
leadershi
p
i
n
d
e
velopin
g
specification
s
an
d
standards
for avionics equipment, and one of these specifications is the focus of this
tutorial. Industry-wide committees prepare the specifications and
standards. ARINC Specification 429 was developed and is maintained by
the Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee (AEEC) comprising
members that represent airlines, government, and ARINC.
Th
e
Genera
l
Aviatio
n
Man
ufacturer
s
Associatio
n
(GAMA
)
i
n
Washington,
D.C. also maintains a specification document with ARINC 429 labels:
“ARINC 429 General Aviation Subset”.
Wha
t
i
s
ARIN
C
429?
ARINC 429 is a specification, which defines how avionics equipment and
systems should communicate with each other. They are interconnected by
wires in twisted pairs. The specification defines the electrical and data
characteristics and protocols, which are used. ARINC 429 employs a
unidirectional data bus standard known as Mark 33 Digital Information
Transfer System (DITS). Messages are transmitted at a bit rate of either
12.5 or 100 kilobits per second to other system elements, which are
monitoring the bus messages. Transmission and reception is on separate
ports so that many wires may be needed on aircraft, which use a large
number of avionics systems.
2
ARIN
C
Protoco
l
T
utorial
