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Introduction to the Android Graphics Pipeline

Android

Graphics

Pipeline

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In order to render objects to the screen, the Open Graphics Library (OpenGL) defines a sequence of steps.

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Introduction to the Android Graphics

Pipeline

Wissenschaftliche Arbeit zur Erlangung des Grades Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.)

in Informatik an der Hochschule Karlsruhe - Technik und Wirtschaft

Mathias Garbe

Karlsruhe, im März 2014

Betreuer: Christian Meder

Referent: Prof. Dr. Holger Vogelsang

Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Ulrich Bröckl

Statement of Authorship

I hereby declare that this bachelor thesis has been written only by the undersigned

and without any assistance from third parties. Furthermore, I conﬁrm that no sources

have been used in the preparation of this thesis other than those indicated in the

thesis itself.

Eidesstattliche Erklärung

Ich erkläre hiermit eidesstattlich, dass ich die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit selbständig

und ohne unerlaubte Hilfe verfasst, keine anderen als die angegebenen Quellen und Hil-

fsmittel benutzt und die den benutzten Quellen wörtlich oder inhaltlich entnommenen

Stellen als solche kenntlich gemacht habe.

Karlsruhe, March 17, 2014.

iii

Abstract

This bachelor thesis outlines the current state of the Android graphics pipeline. The

graphics pipeline is the part of Android which displays the user interface by using the

graphics processor.

This thesis begins by describing the principles of current graphics hardware. After-

wards the diﬀerent hardware architectures of modern graphic processors are explained.

The main part of the thesis starts by looking at the history of the Android graph-

ics stack. An explanation of speciﬁc optimizations employed by Android and their

software implementation follows. The Android graphics pipeline is then explained

by demonstrating a sample application and tracing all drawing operations down the

pipeline to the actual rendering calls. Finally, current issues and problems like driver

support and overdraw are addressed.

Kurzfassung

Die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit erläutert den aktuellem Stand des Android-Graﬁkstacks.

Hierbei handelt es sich um den Teil von Android der Benutzeroberﬂächen mithilfe des

Graﬁkprozessors darstellt.

Zunächst wird der Aufbau und die Funktionsweise aktueller Graﬁkhardware erläutert.

Anschließend werden die verschiedenen Architekturen moderner Graﬁkprozessoren

beschrieben.

Im Hauptteil wird die Historie des Android-Graﬁkstacks betrachtet. Darauf aufbauend

werden konkrete Optimierungen und Implementierungsdetails von Teilen des Graﬁk-

stacks erklärt. Anhand eines Beispielprogrammes wird die Android-Graﬁkpipeline

untersucht und abschließend werden die Auswirkungen aktueller Probleme und The-

men wie Treibersupport und Overdraw getestet und bewertet.

About the Source Code Listings

The source code listing in this thesis do not aim to be complete. To make the listings

more clear,

imports

and

includes

are omitted. In some cases, source code was

converted to pseudo-code. Likewise, no source code listing is intended to be compiled

or executed. All listings are solely for illustration purposes and need to be viewed in

their respective context.

Acknowledgments

During the course of this thesis, several persons have contributed to whom I owe my

gratitude.

Foremost, I wish to thank my supervisor, Christian Meder, for his encouragements

and keeping the thesis on track and within scope.

I wish to thank Tim and Mark for their continuous interest and input on the thesis.

Their inquiries have always helped me considering new approaches and generally

driving this thesis forward.

I wish to thank Benjamin, Erik, Siggy, Heike, Florian and Daniel for proof-reading and

correcting countless versions of this thesis and always making excellent suggestions

on how to improve it.

Last but not least, I would to express my sincere gratitude to Anika, my family and

all my friends, who have always motivated and supported me with encouragement

and consolation.

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