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family 7 being killed there. Zhu Xi forces, hundreds of people were killed
and 19 captured fighters of their respective Corps Youth pioneers, opening
of a temple by the Japanese military in ocean a thick wire through the
Palm of each hand, pulled a long, red with the blood of the Earth. The
face of the enemy's power, captured 19 young men and women, none have ever
been intimidated, no yield. Escort of the Japanese captain, kept shouting
vicious "Zhu Xi forces, an enemy of the Imperial Army, big bad! Japan
helps you build a new order in East Asia, you see, as long as you repent
and regret, in favour of Japan-China goodwill, is overkill. "Enemy of 18
year old twin sisters are hypocritically surnamed Yao said:" our youth, a
lot of things are waiting for you, how can you quickly leave the world.
"In the face of enemy threats, seduce, 19 soldiers die, shouting:" down
with Japan imperialism! long live the nation! " Ictus of times, fell to
the enemy under the butcher's knife. He (she) for the liberation of the
Chinese nation, the beauty of youth to the liberation cause of the Chinese
nation, motherland cavity blood sprinkled on the ground. Zhong Jia DUN
bloody battle, belongs to a group of Zhu Xi forces, two missions, Chen Qi,
Zhu Jiemin Brigade Brigade suffered heavy casualties. Chinese Communist
Party Member Xu, Xu Quansheng, head of three Wang Yulin and other
sacrifices in the battle. Zhong Jia DUN battle casualties, Zhu Xi
withdrew the remnants of more than 400 people back to Xiao Feng
integration. Zhu Xi forces at the battle of Zhong Jia DUN suffer a
serious defeat, but 第九章 工程测量方案 国家大剧院工程是一个标志性建筑。该工程占地面
积较大、基础较深�较大跨度
钢结构壳体安装�以及考虑到该建筑及毗邻建筑的重要性�从面使该工程的测量工作较
其它工程尤为重要。采用常规测量方法�无法完全有效的保证施工测量的精度�因此在
该工程中我们不仅要采用常规的测量仪器和方法�更要大胆采用新技术、新设备。在钢
结构安装测量及沉降变形测量方面采用了较为先进的测量仪器�并将三维工业测量技术
和近景摄影测量等技术应用到该工程。 第一节 工程施工测量 一、平面控制网测设
<一>场区平面控制网布设原则
1. 平面控制应先从整体考虑�遵循先整体、后局部�高精度控制低精度的原则�
2. 布设平面控制网形首先根据设计总平面图�现场施工平面布置图�3.选点应选在通
视条件良好、安全、易保护的地方�4.桩位必须用混凝土保护�需要时用钢管进行围护�
并用红油漆作好测量标记�
<二>场区平面控制网的布设及复测
由于该工程占地面积较大�根据总平面图利用 Leica TCA2003 全站仪(测角 0.5”�
测距 1+1PPM)�从高级起算点在场区布测一条闭合或附合导线�然后采用极坐标法�定
出建筑物纵横两条主轴线�经角度、距离校测符合点位限差要求后�作为主场区首级平
面控制网�图 1�。 主场区南北两侧地下室的平面控制应与主场区首级平面控制同时进
行�并要进行相互校核。场区平面控制网的精度等级根据《工程测量规范》要求�控制
网的技术指标必须符合表 1 的规定。
表 1
等 级 测角中误差( ″) 边长相对中误差
一 级 ±5 1/30000
<三>建筑物的平面控制网 www.docin.comfamily 7 being killed there. Zhu Xi
forces, hundreds of people were killed and 19 captured fighters of their
respective Corps Youth pioneers, opening of a temple by the Japanese
military in ocean a thick wire through the Palm of each hand, pulled a
long, red with the blood of the Earth. The face of the enemy's power,
captured 19 young men and women, none have ever been intimidated, no
yield. Escort of the Japanese captain, kept shouting vicious "Zhu Xi
forces, an enemy of the Imperial Army, big bad! Japan helps you build a
new order in East Asia, you see, as long as you repent and regret, in
favour of Japan-China goodwill, is overkill. "Enemy of 18 year old twin
sisters are hypocritically surnamed Yao said:" our youth, a lot of things
are waiting for you, how can you quickly leave the world. "In the face of
enemy threats, seduce, 19 soldiers die, shouting:" down with Japan
imperialism! long live the nation! " Ictus of times, fell to the enemy
under the butcher's knife. He (she) for the liberation of the Chinese
nation, the beauty of youth to the liberation cause of the Chinese nation,
motherland cavity blood sprinkled on the ground. Zhong Jia DUN bloody
battle, belongs to a group of Zhu Xi forces, two missions, Chen Qi, Zhu
Jiemin Brigade Brigade suffered heavy casualties. Chinese Communist Party
Member Xu, Xu Quansheng, head of three Wang Yulin and other sacrifices in
the battle. Zhong Jia DUN battle casualties, Zhu Xi withdrew the remnants
of more than 400 people back to Xiao Feng integration. Zhu Xi forces at
the battle of Zhong Jia DUN suffer a serious defeat, but 首级控制网布设完成后
�建立建筑物平面矩形控制网�图 2�。建筑物平面矩形控
制网悬挂于首级平面控制网上。
图 1 场区首级平面控制
图 2 场区平面轴线控制 剧 院
歌 剧 院
音乐厅剧 院
歌 剧 院
音乐厅 www.docin.com 大家论坛 family 7 being killed there. Zhu Xi forces,
hundreds of people were killed and 19 captured fighters of their
respective Corps Youth pioneers, opening of a temple by the Japanese
military in ocean a thick wire through the Palm of each hand, pulled a
long, red with the blood of the Earth. The face of the enemy's power,
captured 19 young men and women, none have ever been intimidated, no
yield. Escort of the Japanese captain, kept shouting vicious "Zhu Xi
forces, an enemy of the Imperial Army, big bad! Japan helps you build a
new order in East Asia, you see, as long as you repent and regret, in
favour of Japan-China goodwill, is overkill. "Enemy of 18 year old twin
sisters are hypocritically surnamed Yao said:" our youth, a lot of things
are waiting for you, how can you quickly leave the world. "In the face of
enemy threats, seduce, 19 soldiers die, shouting:" down with Japan
imperialism! long live the nation! " Ictus of times, fell to the enemy
under the butcher's knife. He (she) for the liberation of the Chinese
nation, the beauty of youth to the liberation cause of the Chinese nation,
motherland cavity blood sprinkled on the ground. Zhong Jia DUN bloody
battle, belongs to a group of Zhu Xi forces, two missions, Chen Qi, Zhu
Jiemin Brigade Brigade suffered heavy casualties. Chinese Communist Party
Member Xu, Xu Quansheng, head of three Wang Yulin and other sacrifices in
the battle. Zhong Jia DUN battle casualties, Zhu Xi withdrew the remnants
of more than 400 people back to Xiao Feng integration. Zhu Xi forces at
the battle of Zhong Jia DUN suffer a serious defeat, but 欢迎访问大家论坛�
http://club.topsage.com 三、高程控制网建立
<一>高程控制网的布设原则
1、为保证建筑物竖向施工的精度要求�在场区内建立高程控制网。高程控制的建
立是根据甲方提供的场区水准基点�至少应提供三个��采用 Zeiss DINI10 电子水准仪
�精度 0.3mm/km 往返测�对所提供的水准基点进行复测检查�校测合格后�测设一条
附合水准路线�联测场区平面控制点�以此作为保证施工竖向精度控制的首要条件。2.
高程控制网的精度�不低于三等水准的精度。3. 在布设附合水准路线前�结合场区情
况�在场区与甲方所提供的水准基点间埋设半永久性高程点�埋设 3-6 个月后�再进行
联测�测出场区半永久性点的高程�该点也可作为以后沉降观测的基准点。4. 场区内
至少应有三个水准点�水准点的间距应小于 1 公里�距离建筑物应大于 25 米�距离回
土边线应不小于 15 米。
3. 水准测量应符合下列规定�
(1)、水准线路应按附合路线和环形闭合差计算�每千米水准测量高差全中误差�
按下式计算�
MW =]
/[1LWWN
式中 MW----高差全中误差(mm)�
W
------闭合差(mm)�
L ------相应线路长度�
N-------附合或闭合路线环的个数。
�2�国家二等水准测量要求
四、�0.00 以下施工测量
<一>轴线控制桩的校测
1. 在建筑物基础施工过程中�对轴线控制桩每半月复测一次�以防桩位位移�而
影响到正常施工及工程施测的精度要求。
2. 采用测量精度 2”级、测距精度 2mm+3ppm 的全站仪�根据首级控制进行校测。校
测无误后�再根据轴线控制网对其承重的桩基础进行检测�符合桩基础施工规范要求后
方可进行下步工作�否则应将检测结果报有关技术部门及监理单位。
<二>轴线投测方法
1. 首先依据场区平面轴线控制桩和基础开挖平面图�测放出基槽开挖上口线及下
口线�并用白石灰撒出。当基槽开挖到接近槽底设计标高时�用经纬仪分别投测出基槽
边线和集水坑控制轴线�并打控制桩指导开挖。
2. 待垫层、底板打好后�根据基坑边上的轴线控制桩�将 T2 经纬仪架设在控制桩
www.docin.comfamily 7 being killed there. Zhu Xi forces, hundreds
of people were killed and 19 captured fighters of their respective
Corps Youth pioneers, opening of a temple by the Japanese military
in ocean a thick wire through the Palm of each hand, pulled a
long, red with the blood of the Earth. The face of the enemy's
power, captured 19 young men and women, none have ever been
intimidated, no yield. Escort of the Japanese captain, kept
shouting vicious "Zhu Xi forces, an enemy of the Imperial Army,
big bad! Japan helps you build a new order in East Asia, you see,
as long as you repent and regret, in favour of Japan-China
goodwill, is overkill. "Enemy of 18 year old twin sisters are
hypocritically surnamed Yao said:" our youth, a lot of things are
waiting for you, how can you quickly leave the world. "In the face
of enemy threats, seduce, 19 soldiers die, shouting:" down with
Japan imperialism! long live the nation! " Ictus of times, fell to
the enemy under the butcher's knife. He (she) for the liberation
of the Chinese nation, the beauty of youth to the liberation cause
of the Chinese nation, motherland cavity blood sprinkled on the
ground. Zhong Jia DUN bloody battle, belongs to a group of Zhu Xi
forces, two missions, Chen Qi, Zhu Jiemin Brigade Brigade suffered
heavy casualties. Chinese Communist Party Member Xu, Xu
Quansheng, head of three Wang Yulin and other sacrifices in the
battle. Zhong Jia DUN battle casualties, Zhu Xi withdrew the
remnants of more than 400 people back to Xiao Feng integration.
Zhu Xi forces at the battle of Zhong Jia DUN suffer a serious
defeat, but 位上�经对中、整平后、后视同一方向桩(轴线标志)�将所需的轴线投测到
施工的平面
层上�在同一层上投测的纵、横轴线不得少于 2 条�以此作角度、距离的校核。一经校
核无误后�方可在该平面上放出其它相应的设计轴线及细部线。并弹墨线标明作为支模
板的依据。模板支好后�应用两经纬仪架设在两条相互垂直的轴线上检查上口的位置。
在各楼层的轴线投测过程中�上下层的轴线竖向垂直偏移不得超过 4mm。 对电梯井位的
平面控制�在测量放线中是一个该注意的问题�在电梯井位附近设置纵、横控制轴线各
一条, 确保电梯井平面位置的正确性。施工放样技术要求如下表 4�
表 4
建筑物
结构特征
测距相对
中误差
测角中误
差
(�)
测站测定高差
中误差(mm)
起始与施工测
定高程中误差
竖向传递轴线
点中误差(mm)
钢混结构 1/20000 5 1 6mm 4
3. 该工程-20.00 米以下的基础施工采用经纬仪方向线交会法来传递轴线、引测投
点误差不应超过�3mm�轴线间误差不应超过�2mm。-20.00 米以上�可采用轴线交会法
或内控法。在-
20.00 米层适当的平面位置测设轴线控制点�图 3��作为该平面层以上
层面轴线控制的依据。采用激光准直仪向上传递轴线平面位置。
4. 内控法轴线投测
–20.000 米层验收后�应将控制轴线引测至建筑物内。根据施工前布设的控制网基
准点及施工过程中流水段的划分�在各建筑物内做内控点�每一流水段至少 2
- 3 个内控
基准点��埋设在首层相应偏离轴线 1 米的位置。基准点的埋设采用 10cm×10cm 钢板�
钢针刻划十字线�钢板通过锚固筋与首层楼面钢筋焊牢�作为竖向轴线投测的基准点。
基准点周围严禁堆放杂物�向上各层在相应位置留出预留洞(15cm×15cm) 。 www.docin.com 大家
论坛 family 7 being killed there. Zhu Xi forces, hundreds of people were
killed and 19 captured fighters of their respective Corps Youth pioneers,
opening of a temple by the Japanese military in ocean a thick wire through
the Palm of each hand, pulled a long, red with the blood of the Earth. The
face of the enemy's power, captured 19 young men and women, none have ever
been intimidated, no yield. Escort of the Japanese captain, kept shouting
vicious "Zhu Xi forces, an enemy of the Imperial Army, big bad! Japan
helps you build a new order in East Asia, you see, as long as you repent
and regret, in favour of Japan-China goodwill, is overkill. "Enemy of 18
year old twin sisters are hypocritically surnamed Yao said:" our youth, a
lot of things are waiting for you, how can you quickly leave the world.
"In the face of enemy threats, seduce, 19 soldiers die, shouting:" down
with Japan imperialism! long live the nation! " Ictus of times, fell to
the enemy under the butcher's knife. He (she) for the liberation of the
Chinese nation, the beauty of youth to the liberation cause of the Chinese
nation, motherland cavity blood sprinkled on the ground. Zhong Jia DUN
bloody battle, belongs to a group of Zhu Xi forces, two missions, Chen Qi,
Zhu Jiemin Brigade Brigade suffered heavy casualties. Chinese Communist
Party Member Xu, Xu Quansheng, head of three Wang Yulin and other
sacrifices in the battle. Zhong Jia DUN battle casualties, Zhu Xi
withdrew the remnants of more than 400 people back to Xiao Feng
integration. Zhu Xi forces at the battle of Zhong Jia DUN suffer a
serious defeat, but 欢迎访问大家论坛� http://club.topsage.com 图 3 内控法基准点
埋设
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