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lecture01_intro_jwdkay12.pdf
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01/17/2012 CS267 - Lecture 1
2
Outline
•
Why powerful computers must be parallel processors
•
Large Computational Science and Engineering (CSE)
problems require powerful computers
•
Why writing (fast) parallel programs is hard
•
Structure of the course
Commercial problems too
Including your laptops and handhelds
all
But things are improving
01/17/2012 CS267 - Lecture 1
3
Units of Measure
•
High Performance Computing (HPC) units are:
-
Flop: floating point operation, usually double precision unless noted
-
Flop/s: floating point operations per second
-
Bytes: size of data (a double precision floating point number is 8)
•
Typical sizes are millions, billions, trillions…
Mega Mflop/s = 10
6
flop/sec Mbyte = 2
20
= 1048576 ~ 10
6
bytes
Giga Gflop/s = 10
9
flop/sec Gbyte = 2
30
~ 10
9
bytes
Tera Tflop/s = 10
12
flop/sec Tbyte = 2
40
~ 10
12
bytes
Peta Pflop/s = 10
15
flop/sec Pbyte = 2
50
~ 10
15
bytes
Exa Eflop/s = 10
18
flop/sec Ebyte = 2
60
~ 10
18
bytes
Zetta Zflop/s = 10
21
flop/sec Zbyte = 2
70
~ 10
21
bytes
Yotta Yflop/s = 10
24
flop/sec Ybyte = 2
80
~ 10
24
bytes
•
Current fastest (public) machine ~ 11 Pflop/s
-
Up-to-date list at www.top500.org
4
Why powerful
computers are
parallel
circa 1991-2006
all
(2007)
01/17/2012 CS267 - Lecture 1
5
Tunnel Vision by Experts
•
“I think there is a world market for maybe five
computers.”
-
Thomas Watson, chairman of IBM, 1943.
•
“There is no reason for any individual to have a
computer in their home”
-
Ken Olson, president and founder of Digital Equipment
Corporation, 1977.
•
“640K [of memory] ought to be enough for anybody.”
-
Bill Gates, chairman of Microsoft,1981.
•
“On several recent occasions, I have been asked
whether parallel computing will soon be relegated to
the trash heap reserved for promising technologies
that never quite make it.”
-
Ken Kennedy, CRPC Directory, 1994
Slide source: Warfield et al.
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