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sd卡存储采集数据电路设计-毕业(设计)论文论文说明书.doc
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sd卡存储采集数据电路设计-毕业(设计)论文论文说明书.doc
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桂林航天工业学院
毕业论文
题目:SD 卡存储采集数据电路设计
i
摘 要
随着微电子技术的迅猛发展,集成电路组成的电子系统集成度越来越高,使得芯片
的复杂性不断上升,单片的成本却不断降低。FPGA 产品的逻辑单元越来越多,性能越来
越高,单位成本和功耗向越来越低的方向发展,使得可编程片上系统 SOPC(System On
Programmable Chip)设计成为必然趋势。SD 存储卡因具备体积小、储容量高、可擦写、
价格低以及非易失性等特点被广泛应用于手机、数码相机、MP3 播放器等领域。
针对传统方法中� 单片机(MCU )读写 SD 卡数据时需要执行复杂的文件分区表数据操作
�的缺点, 以 LED 护栏管显示屏技术要求为例, 提出了一种单片机主从系统中快速、简
单的 SD 卡存储器的访问方法, 并给出了一种实用的 SD 卡与单片机连接的接口电路。采
用该方法读取 SD 卡控制数据与存储文件的分区表格式无关, 因此支持 FAT32、NTFS、
exFAT 等文件格式下从 16MB ~ 32 GB 的 SD 卡。该方法对需从 SD 卡中连续读取控制数据
的主、从控制系统均适用, 有很强的实用性。该方法在 LED 护栏管显示屏控制器产品中
得到应用, 应用结果表明该系统读取数据稳定, 控制效果良好。
论文介绍了 SD 卡存储采集数据电路设计原理、电路以及程序,阐述了基于 STC12C5A60S2
芯片主控的 DY_mini80E 开发板实现数据的采集和数据的 SD 存储的设计电路过程和实
现方法以及运行得到的结果分析。该系统能同时采集四路周期信号波形,并将四路模拟
电压(0-5V)进行 A/D 转换,每秒钟转换一次,结果转换为 ASCII 码形式,且四路结果
分别存储到 SD 卡预先建立好的 CH1.txt、CH2.txt、CH3.txt、CH4.txt 文档中。设计在
STC12C5A60S2 主控芯片的 DY_mini80E 开发板上,利用开发板上 A/D 转换模块 PCF8591,
外接 SD 接口模块,完成了调试实现。
关键词: 数据采集;STC12C5A60S2; SD 卡;
ii
Abstract
Electronic systems integration is increasing of Integrated circuit components with the
Bureau of the rapid development of microelectronic technology ,The rapid development of
microelectronic technology and the high integration IC,makes the chip more complexity with
lower cost ever than befor .While FPGA is being developed in the direction which contents
more and more logic elements,with high performance,low cost and low power.So,SOPC
technology becomes all inevitable trend . The Card SD with small size high storage
capacity.rewritable,low prices,as well as non-volatile and other characteristics have been
widely used in mobile phones,digital cameras,MP3 players and other fields.
In order to reduce the difficulty of secure digital memory card operation in
microcontroller unit (MCU) system, a simple SD card driven method and interface circuitw as
introduced. This method is independent of partition tab le, so it susta insall kinds of SD card
and partition formats, including FAT32, NTFS, ex FAT form at from 16MByte to 32 GByte
SD card. It can be appropriate for Masterslave control system using SD card. This method
was used in LED display controller system. The application results indicate that the system
achieves good effec.t
This paper introduces the SD card store data acquisition circuit design principle, circuit and
program, this paper expounds the main control based on STC12C5A60S2 chip DY_mini80E
development board realize data acquisition and data storage SD circuit design process and the
realization methods and operation result analysis. The system can also collecting four ways of
periodic signal waveform, and will be four road simulation voltage (0-5 V) for A/D
conversion, every second conversion once, result into ASCII form, and four road respectively
to the storage SD card established beforehand good CH1. TXT, CH2. TXT, CH3. TXT, CH4.
TXT documents. The design of the main control chip in STC12C5A60S2 DY_mini80E
development board, using the developed on board A/D conversion module PCF8591, external
SD interface module, completed the debugging realized.
Keyword: Data collection;STC12C5A60S2; SD card;
iii
目 录
引言.........................................................................................................................................................1
1 方案论证与选择..................................................................................................................................2
1.1 题目来源.....................................................................................................................................2
1.2 研究目的和意义 .........................................................................................................................2
1.3 主要研究内容、需重点研究的关键问题及解决思路..............................................................2
2 SD 卡简介..........................................................................................................................................4
2.1 SD 卡的系统概念..........................................................................................................................4
2.1.1 SD 卡的结构 ........................................................................................................................4
2.1.2 SD 卡的引脚定义 ................................................................................................................5
2.1.3 SD 卡 SPI 模式工作介绍 ....................................................................................................5
2.2 SD 卡总线介绍..............................................................................................................................6
2.2.1 SD 卡总线 ............................................................................................................................6
2.2.2 SPI 总线 ..............................................................................................................................7
2.2.3 总线协议.............................................................................................................................8
2.3 SD 卡的命令..................................................................................................................................9
2.3.1 SD 卡的命令格式 ................................................................................................................9
2.3.2 SD 卡的命令类型 ................................................................................................................9
3 硬件设计...........................................................................................................................................11
3.1 电源模块....................................................................................................................................11
3.2 单片机最小系统........................................................................................................................12
3.2.1 单片机原理图及其特性 ....................................................................................................12
3.2.2 STC12C5A60S2 系列单片机的内部结构 ..........................................................................14
3.2.3 单片机 STC12C5A60S2 最小系统的组成 .........................................................................14
3.2.4 带 SD 卡的 TFT 彩屏 .........................................................................................................17
4 软件设计...........................................................................................................................................19
4.1 软件设计目标.............................................................................................................................19
4.2 Keil 软件简介 ..............................................................................................................................19
4.3 Keil 软件调试功能 ......................................................................................................................19
iv
4.4 系统设计....................................................................................................................................20
4.4.1 系统初始化 ........................................................................................................................20
4.4.2 SD 卡初始化 ......................................................................................................................22
4.4.3 数据块的读写 ...................................................................................................................23
4.4.4 SD 卡存储时间和电压流程图 ..........................................................................................24
4.4.5 定时器 T0 函数流程图 ......................................................................................................24
4.4.6 主体程序流程图 ................................................................................................................25
5 结论...................................................................................................................................................27
谢 辞...................................................................................................................................................28
参考文献...............................................................................................................................................29
附 录...............................................................................................................................................30
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