风力与光伏发电系统（论文)
单相/三相光伏逆变器的拓扑及控制
摘 要
研究了一种最基本的非隔离型单相逆变拓扑，拓扑为双桥臂全桥逆变拓扑，开
关器件 IGBT。先对光伏电池进行了建模分析和仿真而后提出了 MPPT 的实现方法。
第三章研究了 SPWM 闭环非并网的调制技术，并继续分析了 Droop 并网控制技术。
第四章开始对内容进行拓展，分析了 SVWPM 的实现方式，对 SVWPM 的几个步骤
进行一一的公式和对应表格的陈列以及相应模型的搭建。第五章对多电平逆变电路
进行了分析。所有内容均进行了软件仿真验证并得到图形进行了分析论证。
摘要：MPPT；SPWM；并网；空间矢量；多电平逆变
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风力与光伏发电系统（论文)
Abstract
A basic non isolated single-phase inverter topology is studied. The topology is the full
bridge inverter topology of the double bridge arm, and the switch device IGBT. First, the
modeling analysis and Simulation of the photovoltaic cell are carried out, and then the
realization method of MPPT is put forward. The third chapter studies the SPWM closed
loop non grid modulation technology, and continues to analyze the Droop grid control
technology. The fourth chapter begins with the content development, analyzes the
implementation of SVWPM, and formulae the corresponding formulas and corresponding
forms of SVWPM's steps. In the fifth chapter, the multilevel inverter circuit is analyzed. All
the contents are verified by software simulation and the graphics are analyzed.
Key words: MPPT；SPWM；Grid；Space vector；Multilevel inverter
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目录
摘 要...........................................................................................................1
Abstract.....................................................................................................2
第一章 光伏逆变器介绍.................................................................................3
1.1 光伏逆变器概述......................................................................................................................3
1.2 光伏逆变器工作原理..............................................................................................................3
1.3 光伏逆变器特点......................................................................................................................4
1.4 光伏逆变器功能......................................................................................................................4
1.5 光伏逆变器发展趋势..............................................................................................................5
第二章 第光伏电池建模与仿真分析..................................................................6
2.1 光伏电池的理论数学模型和工程数学模型...........................................................................6
2.1.1 理论数学模型...................................................................................................................6
2.1.2 工程数学模型...................................................................................................................7
2.2 光伏电池模型的仿真..............................................................................................................8
2.2.1 光伏电池的 I-U 和 P-U 特性............................................................................................10
2.2.2 光伏电池最大功率点的跟踪仿真..................................................................................10
第三章 SPWM 调制与 Droop 并网控制..........................................................15
3.1 SPWM 的理论部分.................................................................................................................15
3.2 SPWM 波形展示....................................................................................................................17
3.3 单相并网逆变器调制的实现.................................................................................................17
3.4 三相并网逆变器的实现........................................................................................................19
第四章 SVPWM 空间矢量脉宽调制................................................................23
4.1 SVPWM 的含义......................................................................................................................23
4.2 SVPWM 的特点......................................................................................................................24
4.3 SVPWM 仿真及结果..............................................................................................................24
4.3.1 扇区判断.........................................................................................................................24
4.3.2 计算相邻矢量作用时间 X、Y、Z...................................................................................25
风力与光伏发电系统（论文)
4.3.3 计算空间电压矢量切换点..............................................................................................26
4.3.4 仿真结果.........................................................................................................................27
第五章 多电平逆变......................................................................................30
5.1 多电平逆变器的三种基本拓扑结构.....................................................................................31
5.1.1 二极管箝位型多电平逆变器..........................................................................................31
5.1.2 飞跨电容/电容箝位型多电平逆变................................................................................33
5.1.3 H 桥级联型多电平逆变..................................................................................................34
5.2 多电平逆变的调制策略........................................................................................................36
5.2.1 载波层叠 SPWM 调制.....................................................................................................36
5.2.2 载波水平移相 SPWM 调制.............................................................................................37
5.2.3 基频调制.........................................................................................................................38
5.3 多电平逆变的发展拓扑........................................................................................................38
5.4 多电平逆变器仿真试验........................................................................................................40
5.4.1 载波层叠 SPWM 仿真试验.............................................................................................41
5.4.2 基频调制仿真试验.........................................................................................................42
结论..........................................................................................................43
致谢..........................................................................................................44
参考文献...................................................................................................45
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风力与光伏发电系统（论文)
第一章 光伏逆变器介绍
1.1 光伏逆变器概述
逆变器也称逆变电源，是将直流电能转变成交流电能的变流装置。光伏逆变器
就是应用在太阳能光伏发电系统中 的逆变器，是光伏系统中的一个重要部件。逆变
器效率的高低影响着光伏发电系统效率的高低，因此，逆变器的选择非常重要。随
着技术的不断发展，光伏逆变器也将向着体积更小、效率更高、性能指标更优越的
方向发展。
1.2 光伏逆变器工作原理
逆变装置的核心，是逆变开关电路，简称为逆变电路。该电路通过电力电子开
关的导通与关断，来完成逆变的功能。
图 1-1 光伏逆变器简单原理图
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