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电力市场报告-2022年7月ElectricityMarketReport-July2022(IEA英文原版).pdf
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电力市场报告-2022年7月ElectricityMarketReport-July2022(IEA英文原版).pdf
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The IEA examines the full spectrum of
energy issues including oil, gas and
coal supply and demand, renewable
energy technologies, electricity
markets, energy efficiency, access to
energy, demand side management
and much more. Through its work, the
IEA advocates policies that will
enhance the reliability, affordability
and sustainability of energy in its 31
member countries, 11 association
countries and beyond.
Please note that this publication is
subject to specific restrictions that
limit its use and distribution. The
terms and conditions are available
online at www.iea.org/t&c/
This publication and any map included herein are
without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty
over any territory, to the delimitation of
international frontiers and boundaries and to the
name of any territory, city or area.
Source: IEA. All rights reserved.
International Energy Agency
Website: www.iea.org
IEA member countries:
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Republic of Türkiye
United Kingdom
United States
IEA association countries:
Argentina
Brazil
China
Egypt
India
Indonesia
Morocco
Singapore
South Africa
Thailand
Ukraine
Electricity Market Report – July 2022 Update
P
AGE | 3
Abstract
IEA. All rights reserved.
Abstract
In the first half of 2022, many electricity markets continued to
experience skyrocketing prices, particularly in Europe, reflecting
deep uncertainties over both fossil fuel supplies and the economic
outlook. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine shattered any hope of energy
prices declining in the near term following the strong increases seen
in the second half of 2021. In Europe, the situation prompted
heightened ambitions and strengthened policies to advance clean
energy transitions and reduce dependency on fuel imports. But in
the short term, it also resulted in a partial return to coal-fired
electricity generation. Sluggish economic growth is expected to
dampen global electricity demand growth in 2022 and 2023 to less
than half the rate seen in 2021. Despite gas-to-coal switching and
low nuclear power plant availability in Europe, global electricity
sector emissions may decline slightly in 2022 and 2023 – reflecting
a combination of slowing power demand and displacement of fossil
fuels by renewables.
This July 2022 update of the IEA Electricity Market Report presents
our latest forecasts for global electricity demand, supply and
emissions through 2023. In light of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, we
also provide a special focus on the situation in Europe, discussing
recent developments and future plans.
Electricity Market Report – July 2022 Update
P
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Table of contents
IEA. All rights reserved.
Table of contents
Executive summary ........................................................................... 5
Global developments ......................................................................... 7
Demand ............................................................................................ 8
Supply ............................................................................................ 15
Emissions ....................................................................................... 23
Wholesale prices ............................................................................ 26
Europe focus .................................................................................... 30
Europe’s current dependency on energy imports ............................ 31
Pathways to energy independence ................................................. 34
End-user prices and price interventions .......................................... 43
Flexibility for decarbonised energy systems .................................... 47
Annex ................................................................................................ 53
Electricity Market Report – July 2022 Update
P
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Executive summary
IEA. All rights reserved.
Executive summary
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