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现代操作系统课件:Chapter6-Deadlock.ppt
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现代操作系统课件:Chapter6-Deadlock.ppt
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Modern Operating Systems
Chapter 6 - Deadlock
Zhang Yang
Spring 2013
Content of this lecture
6.1 Resources
6.2 Deadlock
6.3 Ostrich Algorithm
6.4 Deadlock Detection & Deadlock
Recovery
6.5 Deadlock Avoidance
6.6 Deadlock Prevention
6.7 Other Issues
Summary
Resources (1)
Deadlocks may occur when …
Processes are granted exclusive access to
devices, files, and so forth.
We refer to the objects granted as resources
A resource is anything that can be used by
a single process at any instant of time.
Resource Types R1, R2, . . ., Rm
CPU cycles, memory space, I/O
devices ,record in a database…
Each resource type Ri has Wi instances.
Resources (2)
Resources can be either:
Reusable Resources
Used by one process at a time and not depleted by that use
Processes obtain resources that they later release for reuse
by other processes
E.g., CPU, memory, disk space, I/O devices, files,
databases, semaphores.
Acquire Use Release
Consumable Resources
Created (produced) and destroyed (consumed) by a process
E.g., messages, buffers of information, interrupts.
Create Acquire Use
Resource ceases to exist after it has been used, so it is
not released.
Resources (3)
Resources can also be either:
Preemptible Resources
Can be taken away from a process with no ill
effects
E.g., CPU, memory
No deadlock
Non-preemptible Resources
One that cannot be taken away from its current
owner without causing the computation to fail.
Will cause the process to fail if taken away
E.g., Tape Drives, CD Recorder
Deadlock possible
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