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Test-Driven

Python

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Harry Percival

Test-Driven Development with

Python

Table of Contents

Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv

Prerequisites and Assumptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi

Acknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvii

Part I. The Basics of TDD and Django

Getting Django Set Up Using a Functional Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Obey the Testing Goat! Do Nothing Until You Have a Test 3

Getting Django Up and Running 6

Starting a Git Repository 8

Extending Our Functional Test Using the unittest Module. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Using a Functional Test to Scope Out a Minimum Viable App 13

The Python Standard Library’s unittest Module 16

Implicit waits 18

Commit 18

Testing a Simple Home Page with Unit Tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Our First Django App, and Our First Unit Test 22

Unit Tests, and How They Differ from Functional Tests 22

Unit Testing in Django 23

Django’s MVC, URLs, and View Functions 24

At Last! We Actually Write Some Application Code! 26

urls.py 27

Unit Testing a View 30

The Unit-Test/Code Cycle 31

What Are We Doing with All These Tests?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Programming Is like Pulling a Bucket of Water up from a Well 36

Using Selenium to Test User Interactions 37

The “Don’t Test Constants” Rule, and Templates to the Rescue 40

Refactoring to Use a Template 40

On Refactoring 44

A Little More of Our Front Page 45

Recap: The TDD Process 47

Saving User Input. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Wiring Up Our Form to Send a POST Request 51

Processing a POST Request on the Server 54

Passing Python Variables to Be Rendered in the Template 55

Three Strikes and Refactor 59

The Django ORM and Our First Model 60

Our First Database Migration 62

The Test Gets Surprisingly Far 63

A New Field Means a New Migration 64

Saving the POST to the Database 65

Redirect After a POST 68

Better Unit Testing Practice: Each Test Should Test One Thing 68

Rendering Items in the Template 69

Creating Our Production Database with migrate 71

Getting to the Minimum Viable Site. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Ensuring Test Isolation in Functional Tests 77

Running Just the Unit Tests 80

Small Design When Necessary 81

YAGNI! 82

REST 82

Implementing the New Design Using TDD 83

Iterating Towards the New Design 86

Testing Views, Templates, and URLs Together with the Django Test Client 87

A New Test Class 88

A New URL 88

A New View Function 89

A Separate Template for Viewing Lists 90

Another URL and View for Adding List Items 92

A Test Class for New List Creation 93

A URL and View for New List Creation 94

Removing Now-Redundant Code and Tests 95

Pointing Our Forms at the New URL 96

Adjusting Our Models 97

A Foreign Key Relationship 99

vi | Table of Contents

Adjusting the Rest of the World to Our New Models 100

Each List Should Have Its Own URL 102

Capturing Parameters from URLs 103

Adjusting new_list to the New World 104

One More View to Handle Adding Items to an Existing List 105

Beware of Greedy Regular Expressions! 106

The Last New URL 106

The Last New View 107

But How to Use That URL in the Form? 108

A Final Refactor Using URL includes 110

Part II. Web Development Sine Qua Nons

Prettification: Layout and Styling, and What to Test About It. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

What to Functionally Test About Layout and Style 115

Prettification: Using a CSS Framework 118

Django Template Inheritance 120

Integrating Bootstrap 121

Rows and Columns 122

Static Files in Django 122

Switching to StaticLiveServerCase 124

Using Bootstrap Components to Improve the Look of the Site 125

Jumbotron! 125

Large Inputs 125

Table Styling 126

Using Our Own CSS 126

What We Glossed Over: collectstatic and Other Static Directories 127

A Few Things That Didn’t Make It 130

Testing Deployment Using a Staging Site. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

TDD and the Danger Areas of Deployment 132

As Always, Start with a Test 133

Getting a Domain Name 135

Manually Provisioning a Server to Host Our Site 136

Choosing Where to Host Our Site 136

Spinning Up a Server 137

User Accounts, SSH, and Privileges 137

Installing Nginx 138

Configuring Domains for Staging and Live 139

Using the FT to Confirm the Domain Works and Nginx Is Running 139

Deploying Our Code Manually 140

Table of Contents | vii

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donotgo

2015-10-20

没水印，可惜少了前两页封面。。。其他都不错

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