【初中英语定语从句专题复习】
定语从句是初中英语语法中的一个重要知识点,它主要用来修饰名词或代词,起限定作用。被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词,而引导定语从句的词则被称为关系代词或关系副词,如who、that、which、when、where和why。这些关系词在从句中担任不同的成分,如主语、宾语或状语。
关系代词分为两类:who用于指人,which用于指物,而that可以同时指人和物。在某些特定情况下,who和that的使用有特殊规定:
1. 当先行词是one、ones、anyone或those时,关系代词通常用who,以避免混淆。
2. 在there be结构中,如果先行词作表语,关系代词用who。
3. 避免重复或消除歧义时,如"The man that spoke at the meeting is our headmaster",that用于引导从句。
4. 先行词为I, you, he, they等时,关系代词用who。
5. 当先行词是表示成员的集合名词,如family,且从句中指家庭成员时,用who。
对于that的特殊使用包括:
1. 当先行词是everything, anything等不定代词,或all, much, few, little等词修饰的名词时,关系代词用that。
2. 先行词被the only, the very, the last, the first, the second等修饰时,通常用that。
3. 先行词被形容词或副词最高级修饰时,如"the most interesting film that I have ever seen"。
4. 先行词同时指人和物时,如"things and persons that they remembered",用that。
5. 先行词在从句中作表语,如"China is not the country that it used to be",用that。
6. 先行词为数词时,如"the two that are playing",用that来避免重复。
7. 当先行词为what时,关系代词也用that,如"What that is on the table belongs to me"。
关系副词when、where和why分别用于时间、地点和原因,它们在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语,如:"I'll never forget the day when I met you." 和 "This is the place where we first met."
在一些特定情况中,which也可以有特殊用法,比如:
1. 当关系代词后有插入语时,如"He made another wonderful discovery, which I think is of great importance to science."
2. 谚语中常采用"that which"的结构,如"That which is evil is soon learned."
3. 当先行词本身是that或those指物时,关系代词依然可以用which,如"He has found that which he has been looking for."
掌握这些规则有助于学生正确理解和运用定语从句,从而提高他们的英语表达能力。在实际教学中,可以通过例句解析、填空练习和改错题等方式帮助学生巩固这个知识点。