小学英语教学中,对划线部分提问是一项基础且重要的技能,旨在帮助学生掌握如何构建特殊疑问句。在讲解这部分内容时,教师可以采用以下几个步骤和技巧:
我们需要理解"一代、二移、三倒、四抄"的答题口诀。这四个步骤简单概括了转换特殊疑问句的规则:
1. **一代**:用相应的疑问词替换划线部分。
2. **二移**:将疑问词移到句首。
3. **三倒**:将句子剩余部分的主语和谓语进行颠倒,但当主语或其定语被提问时,保持原状。
4. **四抄**:照抄未被划线的部分。
例如,对于句子"This is a book.",如果划线部分是"a book",我们用"What"替换,得到"What is this?"。对于"I often play football on Saturdays.",若划线部分是"play football",我们用"What do"开头,然后将主语"you"和谓语"often do"倒置,得到"What do you often do on Saturdays?"
接下来,我们根据划线部分的类型选择合适的特殊疑问词:
- **What**:用于提问事物或动作,如:"What is this?" 或 "What do you do?"
- **Who**:针对人进行提问,如:"Who is he?"
- **Where**:询问地点,例如:"Where is the box?"
- **What time/When**:询问具体时间,如:"What time is it?" 或 "When do you usually wake up?"
- **How old**:提问年龄,如:"How old are you?"
- **What**:询问职业,如:"What is Mike's job?"
- **What colour**:询问颜色,例如:"What colour is your shirt?"
- **How many/How much**:询问数量,如:"How many apples do you have?" 对于不可数名词则用"How much milk is there?"
- **How much**:提问价格,例如:"How much does this shirt cost?"
- **Whose**:询问物品的所有者,如:"Whose book is this?"
- **Which**:提问特定的选择,如:"Which colour do you like?"
- **Why**:询问原因,如:"Why are you sad?"
- **How**:询问健康状况或方式,如:"How do you feel?" 或 "How do you go to school?"
- **What day**:询问星期几,如:"What day is today?"
- **What subject**:提问学科,例如:"What subject do you like?"
- **When**:提问时间点,如:"When will the party start?"
通过这些疑问词和规则,教师可以设计各种练习题来巩固学生的理解和应用能力。例如:
1. 题目:"That car is yellow."(提示:问颜色)
答案:"What colour is that car?"
2. 题目:"My sister is 15 years old."(提示:问年龄)
答案:"How old is your sister?"
3. 题目:"The glasses are Jim’s."(提示:问归属)
答案:"Whose glasses are these?"
通过这样的练习,小学生能够逐步掌握对划线部分提问的技巧,从而提高他们的语言运用能力。在教学过程中,教师应确保学生充分理解每个疑问词的用法,并提供充足的实践机会,以便他们能够熟练地在实际对话中运用这些知识。