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This document contains documentation on how to use the LTE-A System Level Simulator (LTE-A SL Simulator) [1] as well as some insight on its structure and the assumptions that were made while developing it. This document relates more on how to actually use the simulator. The concept and the structure of the simulator is described in more detail in
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1
Vienna Simulators
LTE-A Downlink System Level Simulator
Documentation, v1.8r1375
Institute of Telecommunications
Vienna University of Technology, Austria
Gusshausstrasse 25/389, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
Email: {mtaranet}{mmueller}@nt.tuwien.ac.at
Web: http://www.nt.tuwien.ac.at/ltesimulator
Abstract
This document contains documentation on how to use the LTE-A System Level Simulator (LTE-A SL Simulator) [1] as well
as some insight on its structure and the assumptions that were made while developing it. This document relates more on how to
actually use the simulator. The concept and the structure of the simulator is described in more detail in [2].
I. FOREWORD
The LTE-A SL Simulator is published under a non-commercial academic use license. Please make sure that you understand
the terms and conditions of the license before you use any of the available software packages. Would you require a license
different to a non-commercial academic one please contact Martin Taranetz or Martin Mller.
The detailed license agreement for the LTE-A SL Simulator can be found in Section XXIII. Please read it carefully and
keep in mind that the usage of the simulator is subjected to compliance with the license terms.
2
CONTENTS
I Foreword 1
II Running a simulation 4
III Simulation parameters 4
III-A Debug options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
III-B Plotting options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
III-C General parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
III-D Random number generation options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
III-E Simulation time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
III-F Cache options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
III-G Network layout and macroscopic pathloss parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
III-G1 Generated network parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
III-G2 Capesso-imported network parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
III-H Shadow fading (only for generated networks) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
III-I Small-scale fading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
III-J UE settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
III-K eNodeB settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
III-L Scheduler settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
III-M CQI mapper options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
III-N Uplink channel options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
III-O SINR averaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
III-P Saving the results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
III-Q Optional configuration parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
IV Implementation issues 11
IV-A How to read the pathloss maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
IV-B Antenna azimuth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
IV-C Remote Radio Head (RRH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
IV-D Block Error Ratio curves and CQI mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
V Plotting results 13
V-A eNodeB and UE position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
V-B Throughput and aggregate results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
VI Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) 15
VII Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) 15
VIII Femtocells and small cells 16
IX User Equipment (UE) distributions 16
X 3D antenna radiation patterns 16
XI Importing a network topology from Capesso
TM
data 17
XII Using the Winner Phase II channel model reference implementation 17
XIII A note on the use of the CVX MATLAB toolbox 17
XIV Employing UE traces for simulating 17
XV MATLAB automatic code generation (codegen) 18
XV-A Shadow fading generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
XV-B Calculation of interferer terms according to the precoders applied by the interfering eNodeBs and the
interfering channel(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
XV-C Receiver filter calculation according to the precoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
XV-D Capacity calculation for each precoder in a codebook for feedback calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3
XVI Examples and Reproducible results 20
XVI-A Comparison with link level results: simulation over SNR range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
XVI-B UE throughput scheduler comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
XVI-C Closed Loop Spatial Multiplexing throughput comparison for several antenna configurations . . . . . . 21
XVI-D Adjusting antenna separation in the Winner II channel model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
XVI-E Fractional Frequency Reuse performance results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
XVII Changelog 25
XVIII Referencing 30
XIX Known issues 30
XX Questions 30
XXI Mailing List 30
XXII The People (so far) behind the development of the LTE-A System Level Simulator 30
XXIII License agreement 31
XXIII-A Academic Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
XXIII-B Grant of copyright license . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
XXIII-C Grant of source code license . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
XXIII-D Exclusions from license grant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
XXIII-E Warranty of provenance and disclaimer of warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
XXIII-F Limitation of liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
XXIII-G Termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
XXIII-H Open source and code under other license terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
XXIII-I Publication of Your contact data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
XXIII-J Appendix I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
XXIV Acknowledgments 33
References 33
List of Figures 34
List of Tables 34
4
II. RUNNING A SIMULATION
The main file of the LTE-A System Level Simulator (LTE-A SL Simulator) is LTE_sim_main.m, though simulation are
normally run from a batch file. Various demo batch files are available in the folder sim_main_launcher_files and
can directly be executed from there. The following tasks are performed:
• Loading a configuration file of choice. See Section III for a list of configurable parameters.
• Executing the LTE_sim_main.m main simulation file.
The simulation parameters are loaded via the LTE_load_params.m script, which applies the specific parameters from one
of the setups as specified in +simulation_config (see Section III). Note that the LTE_load_params_dependant.m
script is used for automatically generating additional simulation parameters from the base parameters specified.
III. SIMULATION PARAMETERS
Below you can find a basic list of parameters that can be configured in the configuration parameters files, which are found
in the +simulation_config simulator subfolder. The files are loaded via the LTE_load_params function. Check
LTE_sim_main_launcher_examples and LTE_load_params function for a list of possible preconfigured simulation
files.
When called with no arguments, LTE_load_params loads the +simulation_config/hex_grid_tilted file. The
optional string argument allows you (among others) to load the following other preconfigured setups (see
LTE_sim_main_launcher_examples):
• tri_sector
• tri_sector_tilted, tri_sector_tilted_4x2 tri_sector_tilted_4x4.
• tri_sector_plus_femtocells
• six_sector_tilted
• capesso_pathlossmaps
• omnidirectional_eNodeBs
• tri_sector_tilted_traffic
A. Debug options
• LTE_config.debug_level: configures how much debug text output is shown. Options are:
– 0: no output.
– 1: basic output.
– 2: extended output.
B. Plotting options
• LTE_config.show_network.: configures how much plots are shown. Options are:
– 0: no plots shown.
– 1: show some plots.
– 2: show all plots, which includes one showing the moving User Equipments (UEs), which may slow down simulations
significantly.
– 3: show also the plots of the generated microscale fading traces.
C. General parameters
• LTE_config.frequency.: frequency in which the system is operating [Hz].
• LTE_config.bandwidth.: system bandwidth. Allowed values are 1.4 MHz, 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, and
20 MHz. This bandwidths are equivalent to 6, 15, 25, 50, 75, and 100 Resource Blocks (RBs) respectively.
• LTE_config.nTX: number of transmit antennas. Used to generate the channel trace.
• LTE_config.nRX: number of receive antennas. Used to generate the channel trace.
• LTE_config.tx_mode: the transmission modes are defined in TS 36.213-820 Section 7.1, page 12 [3].
– 1: single antenna.
– 2: Transmission Diversity (TxD).
– 3: Open Loop Spatial Multiplexing (OLSM). Spatial multiplexing with Large Cyclic Delay Diversity (CDD).
– 4: Closed Loop Spatial Multiplexing (CLSM).
– 5: Multiuser MIMO.
– 9: Eight Layer Spatial Multiplexing
5
D. Random number generation options
These options allow you to actually reproduce the same exact simulation by means of resetting the random number generator
to a known seed.
• LTE_config.seedRandStream: in order to allow repeatability, it is possible to seed MATLAB’s default random
number generator. Set it to either true or false.
• LTE_config.RandStreamSeed: if the above is set to true, it specifies the seed. Seeds must be an integer between
0 and 2
32
[4].
E. Simulation time
• LTE_config.simulation_time_tti: length of the simulation in Transmission Time Intervals (TTIs).
F. Cache options
• LTE_config.cache_network: whether you want to save the generated eNodeBs, Pathloss map and Shadow fading
map to a .mat file. Either true or false. All cache options work in the following way:
– cache=true and file exists: read cache file.
– cache=true and file does not exist: create and then store data in cache file.
– cache=false: do not use cache at all.
• LTE_config.network_cache: the name of the cache file. set it to auto if you want the simulator to assign a name
automatically.
• LTE_config.delete_ff_trace_at_end: since the microscala fading trace takes up large amounts of space, when
doing the final save command, it is preferable to delete it, so as not to have too large result files.
• LTE_config.delete_pathloss_at_end: Further reduces the amount of space needed to store the traces by
deleting the pathloss maps from the results file.
• LTE_config.UE_cache: whether to save the user position to a file. Either true or false.
• LTE_config.UE_cache_file: the name of the cache file. set it to auto if you want the simulator to assign a name
automatically.
G. Network layout and macroscopic pathloss parameters
These parameters specify how the network layout is created. However, if the map is loaded, these parameters will be
overwritten by the loaded map.
• LTE_config.network_source: Available options
– generated: A hexagonal grid of equidistantly-spaced eNodeB sites with three sectors each will be created.
– capesso: eNodeB position, configuration, and pathloss data are read from data exported from and written from
the Capesso
TM
planning tool (see Section XI). When using this source, shadow fading data is not generated, as the
imported pathloss maps should already have it incorporated.
– fixed: Generates N eNodeBs, each with a constant pathloss specified in the LTE_config.pathlosses vector,
containing N values in dB. Useful for comparison with link level results, where a single pathloss value would be
desired for all of the UEs.
1) Generated network parameters:
• LTE_config.network_geometry: Available options
– regular_hexagonal_grid: Regular hexagonal grid with fixed inter-eNodeB distance, as defined in LTE_config.inter_eNodeB_distance
– stochastic: Stochastic eNodeB distribution with spatial density
– hybrid: Hybrid spatial distribution with deterministic- and random parts
– predefined: eNodeB locations as given in LTE_config.eNodeB_positions
The functions are defined in +network_geometry.
• LTE_config.map_resolution: in meters/pixel. Also the resolution used for initial user creation.
• LTE_config.nr_eNodeB_rings: number of eNodeB rings. 0 rings specifies that just a single eNodeB will be created.
• LTE_config.minimum_coupling_loss (optional): describes the minimum loss in signal [dB] between Base Station
(BS) and UE or UE and UE in the worst case and is defined as the minimum distance loss including antenna gains measured
between antenna connectors. Recommended values [5] are 70 dB for urban areas, 80 dB for rural.
• LTE_config.macroscopic_pathloss_model: sets what macroscopic pathloss model is to be used. Depending
on the choice, different choices are available for
LTE_config.macroscopic_pathloss_model_settings.environment. The available macroscopic pathloss
models are:
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