C++Primer_chm_实例

Each of the subdirectories in this directory contains files corresponding to the complete programs and many of the program fragments shown in the related chapter. BUILDING EXECUTABLES -------------------- We provide two different source code distributions: One that works with Microsoft Visual Studio .Net compiler and the other that works with the GNU compiler. The source code in these two versions are largely the same, although there are some programs in later chapters that had to be changed to accommodate limitations in MS handling of nested templates. Each version of the source code contains a general makefile_template in the top-level directory and directory-specific makefiles in each chapter subdirectory. The makefiles are fairly simple and we have provided comments in the hope that even those who are not familiar with makefiles can understand how to compile these programs by hand if so desired. In the top level directory there is a makefile that will make the entire source tree -- it does a cd, in turn, to each subdirectory and makes the executables in that directory. The top level makefile also has targets "clean" and "clobber" to remove the object files or object and executable file respectively. To use make on a Windows operating system you invoke the command name "nmake": ## Windows machines > nmake # compiles all the programs > nmake clean # removes all the object files and stackdumps > nmake clobber # removes executable, object and stackdump files INPUT and OUTPUT ---------------- Because not all of the programs are complete, many of them do not generate "sensible" output, but instead often print some detail about the internal state of the program. To understand the output, you will have to understand the program. This is intentional. The input, if any, to these programs varies: Some programs print a prompt and wait for input on the standard input Other programs read the standard input but do not print a prompt Others take one or more arguments specifying a file name to read Yet others take a file name argument and read the standard input Each chapter subdirectory contains a README that explains the input, if any, expected by each executable file. RUNNING THE PROGRAMS -------------------- Each directory contains a simple batch file named "runpgms.bat" that runs the executables made in that directory. Note that on some systems, the default setting for the PATH variable does not include the current directory. So, for example, if you try to execute add_item <data\add_item the "add_item" program will not be found. Instead, you must write .\add_item <data\add_item SAMPLE DATA FILES ----------------- For many of the programs that expect input, we have provided small, sample input files. Input files are always found in a subdirectory named "data". For example, the program 'add_item' in directory 1 reads Sales_item transactions from the standard input but does *not* prompt for input. If the program is invoked: add_item it will wait for input, which must be in the format of a Sales_item transaction. Alternatively, the file data\add_item can be used to provide input to this program by using the operating system's support for file redirection. Assuming the following is executed in the directory named '1' writing add_item < data\add_item will bind the standard input to the file 'data\add_item' and will execute the program 'add_item' on the data in that file. Programs that take an argument to main will fail if they are invoked with no argument. In general, we provide a file to use in each case, although in some cases any file could be used as input. For example, in the directory for chapter 10, there is a program named word_count that can read any file and prints the count of how often each word in that file occurs. Another program in that directory, the word_transform program, requires two input files. You might invoke these programs as follows: # the program will use the README file as its input word_count README # word_transform takes two files, samples are in the data directory # this execution uses the file data\trans-map to transform the # text in data\trans-text word_transform data\trans-map data\trans-text