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摘要
针对目前常用的便携式眼动仪存在易受外界环境以及使用者生理和心理状态变化等因素影
响的问题,提出一种可用于眼动跟踪的紧凑型巩膜血管成像装置。该成像装置由一块主透
镜、一块微透镜阵列以及一个成像探测器组成,其中主透镜的焦距等于眼球表面到主透镜的
距离,成像探测器位于微透镜阵列的 1 倍焦距处。为了进一步减小整个成像装置的体积,采
用直角棱镜将光路进行两次转折,按照光路顺序依次是成像物体、主透镜、直角棱镜、反射
面 1、反射面 2、微透镜阵列和成像探测器。结果表明,该装置基于微透镜阵列实现巩膜血
管的近距离清晰成像,能够获得巩膜血管的多孔径图像阵列,具有体积小、景深大和分辨力
高的特点。
Abstract
In order to solve the problem that the portable eye tracker is susceptible to the external
environment and the changes of the physiological and psychological state of user, a
compact sclera angiography device for eye movement tracking is proposed. The imaging
device consists of a main lens, a microlens array, and an imaging detector, whose focal
length of the main lens is equal to the distance from the surface of the eye to the main
lens, and the imaging detector is located at one focal length of the microlens array. In
order to further reduce the volume of the whole imaging device, a rectangular prism is
used to turn the optical path twice, which is the imaging object, the main lens, the
rectangular prism, the reflective surface 1, the reflective surface 2, the microlens array,
and the imaging detector in order of the optical path. The results show that the device
can achieve a clear image of scleral vessels at close range based on microlens array,
and can obtain a multi-aperture image array of scleral vessels, which has the
characteristics of small size, large depth of field and high resolution.
1 引言
眼睛是人与外部世界进行交互的重要通道之一,眼睛的视线具有双向性、自然性以及直线性
等特点
[1]
。眼动跟踪技术可以广泛应用于人机交互、视觉行为分析和医疗诊断等领域,是当
前重要的研究热点之一。
目前,眼动检测方法主要有观察法、眼电图法、搜寻线圈法、普尔钦像法和瞳孔-角膜反射
光斑法
[2]
等。其中,瞳孔-角膜反射光斑法是基于光学成像和图像处理的眼动跟踪方法
[3]
,具有
稳定性好和解算精度高等优点,在便携式眼动跟踪装置中被广泛采用。Li 等
[4]
使用单个摄像
机来获取瞳孔与角膜的反射光斑,当头部静止时眼动跟踪精度约为 1°。Sigut 等
[5]
采用二阶
多项式拟合模型并结合瞳孔-角膜反射光斑法对注视点进行跟踪,当头部静止时跟踪精度约