摘要
当涂层粘接缺陷厚度过小时,缺陷的太赫兹时域光谱信号与基体反射信号产生混叠,难以
从主脉冲信号中获取有效的粘接缺陷特征。通过构建基于传输矩阵法的薄涂层粘接缺陷太
赫兹传播仿真模型,对太赫兹波在涂层粘接缺陷结构中的传播特性进行数值仿真分析。结
合仿真结果和实际检测信号,提出基于多次回波特征的涂层粘接缺陷识别方法,利用缺陷
太赫兹信号偏度特征进行成像,准确识别厚度为 50 μm 和 80 μm 的涂层样件中预置的 10
μm 和 15 μm 粘接缺陷,平均识别准确率达 95.2%。
Abstract
It is difficult to obtain effective bonding defects characteristics from the main echo of
terahertz pulse when the defect thickness is too small, because the terahertz time-
domain pulse carrying the defect information overlaps with the reflection pulse from the
substrate. To this end, a terahertz propagation model based on transfer matrix method is
established. The model is used to numerically analyze the propagation characteristics of
terahertz pulse in the bonding defects of thin coating. Combined with the terahertz time-
domain simulation results of coating bonding defects, a method for identifying coating
bonding defects based on multiple echo features is proposed, and the skewness
characteristic of defect signal is used to construct terahertz image. The 10- and 15-μm-
thick bonding defects preset in 50- and 80-μm-thick coatings are identified successfully
with an average recognition accuracy of 95.2%.
1 引言
涂层材料被广泛应用于汽车、船舶制造、压力容器及航空航天领域,达到保护、绝缘或装
饰等目的。受喷涂质量环境因素影响,涂层的物理或化学性能发生改变,导致涂层与基体
的粘接性能下降,出现起泡、分层甚至脱落等问题
[1]
。随着涂层服役时间增加,粘接缺陷
会不断扩展,最终导致涂层完全失效。因此,采用行之有效的技术手段对涂层粘接缺陷进
行检测十分必要。
太赫兹波指频率在 0.1~10 THz(1 THz=10
12
Hz)范围内(波长为 30~3000 μm)的电磁
波。太赫兹波对于大多数非金属涂层具有良好的穿透性,太赫兹无损检测技术已成为一种
新兴的无损检测技术。与传统无损检测方法(如超声、红外热波、涡流、X 射线等)相
比,太赫兹无损检测无需耦合剂、无需接触被测物
[2]
,对环境和人体安全无害
[3]
,在玻
璃纤维复合材料
[4-6]
、陶瓷基复合材料
[7]
、多胶接结构粘接缺陷
[8-9]
等材料的无损检测方
面得到了广泛应用。在涂层厚度太赫兹无损检测方面,国内研究学者提出多种模型迭代优
化算法
[10-12]
实现对单层及多层涂层厚度的精确测量。在涂层缺陷的太赫兹无损检测方