没有合适的资源?快使用搜索试试~ 我知道了~
科学发现偶然性研究综述.docx
1.该资源内容由用户上传,如若侵权请联系客服进行举报
2.虚拟产品一经售出概不退款(资源遇到问题,请及时私信上传者)
2.虚拟产品一经售出概不退款(资源遇到问题,请及时私信上传者)
版权申诉
0 下载量 47 浏览量
2022-06-26
16:17:58
上传
评论
收藏 201KB DOCX 举报
温馨提示
试读
23页
科学发现偶然性研究综述.docx
资源推荐
资源详情
资源评论
1 Introduction
Due to academic information overload, it has become more difficult for
scholars to retrieve useful information in academia. Xia et al.
[1
]
summarized
the management, analysis methods, and applications of big scholarly data
systematically, which pointing out that academia information overload has
restricted the effectiveness of data mining. Many scholars have designed
various methods to mine valuable information from big scholarly data.
Abundant phenomenon as well as research patterns are discovered to
improve scientific activities such as teamwork and recommender system.
Among them, “serendipity” has been found to be potentially help with
scientific progress. Serendipity contains complex but valuable implications
with its particular characteristics. Many distinguished scientific cases may
be attributed to serendipity. For instance, recommender systems appear to
help researchers assessing the relevant information quickly. However,
scholars are not satisfied with the relevance or accuracy of the
recommendations. In this circumstance, serendipity has been taken into
consideration when designing recommender systems
[2
]
. Serendipitous
recommendations may surprise users and satisfy them well for broadening
their horizons, which is implied in the process of scientific research.
Nevertheless, researchers are not aware of the significance of
serendipity, thus not much attention are paid to the element of serendipity.
Thus this survey aims to help junior as well as fellow scholars in
understanding serendipity in science. Serendipity contains multi-
dimensional concepts involving unexpectedness, novelty, and diversity. The
definitions of the term serendipity as well as its components are not unified.
Its concept is firstly introduced from each dimension objectively and
extensively.
Many researchers have defined and investigated serendipity and its
specific peculiarities in different context with respect to the original meaning
of serendipity
[3
,4
,5
,6
,7
]
. The term serendipity is firstly coined by Horace Walpole
in the fairy story entitled “The Three Princes of Serendip”
[8
]
. The three
princes were always making fortunate discoveries in their wandering
adventure, and the accidental but valuable discoveries indicate serendipity
during the adventure. However, the term “serendipity” was used rarely until
the 19th century when it was used for assessing the accidental or unplaced
discoveries in science
[9
]
. Since then, the term has gained an increasing
recognition and became prominent with scope familiarity. Oxford Dictionary
defines serendipity as “the occurrence and development of events by
chance in a happy or beneficial way”, while Merriam-Webster defines the
term as “the faculty or phenomenon of finding valuable or agreeable things
not sought for”. According to the free dictionary, serendipity is defined as
“the faculty of making fortunate discoveries by accident”. Cook
[3
]
discussed
that serendipity is closely related to a chance, which may lead to surprising
results, and appropriate strategic decisions promote or stimulate
serendipity. McCay-Peet et al.
[6
]
defined serendipity as “an unexpected
experience prompted by an individual’s valuable interaction with ideas,
information, objects, or phenomena”.
Jugovac et al.
[10
]
proposed a recommender system that
recommendations with serendipity are unusual and surprising. It is
considered to be difficult for researchers to investigate the concept of
serendipity because it contains an emotional dimension as well. Also, the
serendipitous encounters in daily life are very rare. The factors that
stimulate the emergence of serendipity are indistinct, and the design of
serendipity measurement is also a challenging task. Besides, serendipity is
determined by a robust subjective sense, which makes it difficult to give a
consensus and agreed-upon definition.
Serendipity in the context of information-seeking and retrieval has also
been widely studied by researchers, which involves encountering useful
and unexpected information
[11
]
. Maccatrozzo et al.
[12
]
provided a theoretical
description of serendipity aiming to help researchers in understanding the
general idea of serendipity and its usage. To strengthen their theory, they
conducted an empirical study by interviewing 28 interdisciplinary
researchers, and proposed a model that gives insights into understanding
serendipity based on serendipitous experiences. Moreover, their serendipity
model mixes the factors of unexpectedness with insight, which provides
valuable outcomes. Grange et al.
[13
]
investigated serendipity under the
scenario of online shopping based on the elements of unexpectedness and
informational value. It is also found that social commerce can promote
serendipity.
Furthermore, the topics on serendipity have been broadly investigated
in various aspects of research directions. The majority of the literature
focuses on serendipity in science. Sauer et al.
[14
]
claimed that serendipity
maybe more accurately regarded as a factor in science that influences
diverse stages of the research process, and it contributes to scientific
advancement.
The objective of this paper is to understand and analyze the
phenomena of serendipity, including the unsought discoveries during the
research process, the specific peculiarities of serendipity in science, and
the triggers for increasing the probabilities of making serendipitous
discoveries. Accordingly, we summarize the problems pertaining to
serendipity in the context of science. Serendipity is often associated with
the exciting moment that describes the unexpected but distinguished
scientific discoveries and the guidance to a new research direction.
1.1 Motivation
Many accidental but valuable discoveries have been attributed to
serendipity in the history of science. Serendipitous discovery denotes
something that is not looking for directly, but is useful or valuable for the
explorers indirectly, e.g., the extraordinary discoveries of penicillin, the
breakthrough of discovering X-rays, and even the surprising discovery of
America. The outcomes are different from the original intentions of their
discoverers. However, they are new clues produced by the initial projects,
which help explorers making breakthroughs via further investigations. This
natural process in science may shed some light on the new research
directions that have the potential to make several scientific
breakthroughs
[15
]
. Meanwhile, such discoveries can be regarded as
serendipitous since they happened by accident and had a positive effect on
researchers. Many new ideas and interesting approaches usually emerge in
a very unpredictable and serendipitous manner and this could be the
attraction and motivation. In this case, serendipity is beneficial to scientific
research and makes the research activities interesting simultaneously.
Moreover, the serendipitous academic entities, including the
serendipitous collaborators, scholarly papers, collaboration teams, and
even the search engine which provides surprising results for users, are
significant to the study. Nevertheless, most scholars have not recognized
the existence of serendipity during their research process due to a lack of
understanding.
1.2 Contributions
One focus of this paper is on the understanding of the notion of
serendipity in science. Although the concept of serendipity does not have a
common definition in the literature, most existing research divides
serendipity into different components. These components are novelty,
diversity, and unexpectedness. Different combinations of these components
have widely been used to define serendipity in various scenarios. Here we
analyze these components of serendipity in the context of science and
clarify the differences between them. To accomplish these research aims,
we collated serendipity-related articles by searching the term “serendipity”
and serendipity-related components such as “novelty”, “diversity”, and
“unexpectedness” in multiple academic repositories like Google Scholar
and Web of Science. Special attention was given to serendipity in the fields
of information retrieval and academic research. This survey helps readers
in understanding the multi-faceted concepts, fruitful implications, and
valuable applications of serendipity in science.
Fig.1
Fig.1A Framework of Understanding Serendipity in Science
Serendipity can be integrated into some technologies for devising tools
to improve user experiences. Many tools and applications pertinent to
serendipity are interesting and valuable. In this survey, we introduce
applications of serendipity in science, including the identification as well as
recommendation of serendipity-related scholarly papers and scientific
collaborators.Fig.1
depicts the framework of this survey paper. This paper
inspires researchers to study serendipity in other domains as well.
The main contributions of this paper are summarized below.
(1) We review various components of serendipity, including novelty,
diversity, and unexpectedness, and analyze their forms. Specifically, we
discuss and summarize the characteristics and existing definitions of
serendipity in science.
(2) We summarize significant technologies for integrating serendipity
into three widely used tools, including search engines, micro-blogging, and
recommender systems. They are beneficial for increasing the probabilities
of making serendipitous discoveries in both research activities and the daily
life of people.
( 3 ) We introduce typical applications pertinent to serendipity in
science, including the identification and recommendation of serendipity-
related scholarly papers and scientific collaborators.
( 4 ) We discuss challenges facing the exploring of serendipity in
science and future directions in this field.
The rest of this survey paper is organized as follows. Relevant
components and existing definitions of serendipity in the literature are
reviewed in Section 2. The technologies integrating serendipity into three
widely used tools are summarized in Section 3. Typical applications of
serendipity in science are analyzed in Section 4. Challenges and future
directions are discussed in Section 5. Finally, we conclude the paper in
Section 6.
2 What is Serendipity?
In this section, we introduce the components of serendipity for its
conceptual analysis and describe their specific forms in the context of
science. Different understandings about the term serendipityare
correspondingly proposed to explain it in multiple ways. Furthermore,
serendipity has different forms under different application scenarios.
Therefore, we analyze the characteristics of serendipity and the role played
by each of its related components in science for a better understanding.
2.1 Related Components of Serendipity
It is generally recognized that serendipity contains three main
components, i.e., novelty, diversity, and unexpectedness. Serendipity-
related academic entities in science are usually formed as serendipity-
related papers, collaborators, and collaborative teams
[16
]
. In this case,
related concepts of serendipity may be analyzed with respect to the
corresponding characteristics of academic entities. We discuss each
component detailedly in the following subsections.
(1) Novelty: Numerous studies discovered that novelty has always
been considered an essential factor in scientific research
[17
,18
,19
,20
,21
,22
]
.
Stephan et al.
[17
]
studied the characteristics of novel research, aiming at
uncovering the interesting associations between impactful profiles and
novelty. Moreover, the novel papers are defined to have the following
characteristics:
① High risk: The risk normally exists in the citation distribution, which
is dynamic and variant at different stages after publication. Moreover, the
citation counts of novel papers usually occupy the smaller ratio of papers’
total citation counts.
② High gain: The novel papers are likely to be influential papers with
the top number of citation counts in the future, and are also enable to
support follow-on top-cited research.
③ Interdisciplinary impact : The novel papers are supposed to have a
characteristic of interdisciplinarity, which tends to reach more distant
scientific fields. Additionally, novel research papers have a higher likelihood
of being cited in different fields than non-novel research papers.
剩余22页未读,继续阅读
资源评论
罗伯特之技术屋
- 粉丝: 3542
- 资源: 1万+
下载权益
C知道特权
VIP文章
课程特权
开通VIP
上传资源 快速赚钱
- 我的内容管理 展开
- 我的资源 快来上传第一个资源
- 我的收益 登录查看自己的收益
- 我的积分 登录查看自己的积分
- 我的C币 登录后查看C币余额
- 我的收藏
- 我的下载
- 下载帮助
安全验证
文档复制为VIP权益,开通VIP直接复制
信息提交成功