ABSTRACT
Virtual Oscillator Controlled Inverters in a Microgrid Setting with Secondary
Control and Energy Storage
by
Celeste M B Bean
Building from existing work on Virtual Oscillator Control (VOC) [1], this
reports details design, analysis, and simulation of a standalone inverter-based
microgrid composed of variable renewable energy sources and battery stor-
age. VOC for inverters relies on local voltage and frequency measurements
to allow for proportional loading and voltage/frequency synchronization, pre-
senting a real-time decentralized control strategy that mimics droop control
characteristics. The design specifications, derivations, models, and simulations
demonstrate that VOC can operate bidirectionally (producing and consuming
power) for resistive and capacitive loads. The inverters are shown to operate
in a variety of more complex settings than have previously been examined:
in parallel, under fluctuating loads, and under noisy loads. To compensate
for deviations in steady-state frequency and voltage, low-bandwidth commu-
nication in the form distributed averaging proportional integral (DAPI) [2]
control is adapted, derived, and simulated for a VOC-based microgrid. Lastly,
iv
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