东北三省数字高程DEM数据

GEBCO’s global gridded bathymetric data sets

1 Introduction

This documentation provides information on GEBCO’s global bathymetric grids developed

since 2019, through the Nippon Foundation-GEBCO Seabed 2030 Project. This is a

collaborative project between the Nippon Foundation of Japan and GEBCO. The Seabed

map of the world ocean floor and make it available to all.

For polar regions data are available in polar projection co-ordinates, see section 2.5 below.

7 below.

1.1 Seabed 2030 Data Center structure

Since 2019, GEBCO’s global grids have been developed, on behalf of GEBCO, by the

Seabed 2030 Centers, comprised of four Regional Centers and a Global Center.

The Regional Centers are responsible for championing mapping activities; assembling and

their regions. The Global Center is responsible for producing and delivering centralized

Figure 1. Locations of the Seabed 2030 Centers

• Southern Ocean - hosted at the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), Germany

• South and West Pacific Ocean - hosted at the National Institute of Water and

Atmospheric Research (NIWA), New Zealand

• Atlantic and Indian Oceans - hosted at the Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory

(LDEO), Columbia University, USA

• Arctic and North Pacific Oceans - hosted at Stockholm University (SU), Sweden and

the Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping at the University of New Hampshire

(UNH), USA

Please note that for the 2022 release of the GEBCO grid, data are available in polar

projection co-ordinates for polar regions.

2.1 GEBCO_2022

The GEBCO_2022 Grid is a continuous, global terrain model for ocean and land with a

spatial resolution of 15 arc seconds. The data values are pixel-centre registered i.e. they refer

The grid uses as a ‘base’ Version 2.4 of the SRTM15+ data set between latitudes of 50°

South and 60° North. This data set is a fusion of land topography with measured and

the Lesser Antilles volcanic arc (Talbot & Loubrieu, 2020), French Guiana margin

(Loubrieu, 2019a), the Rodrigues triple junction (Mendel et al., 2000), the Kerguelen

plateau (Loubrieu, 2019b), Reunion island (Sisavath et al., 2011), Saint-Paul and

Amsterdam Islands (Loubrieu et al., 2020), the Southwest Indian ridge (Sauter &

Mendel, 2000), and the North Fiji basin (Ruellan, 2001).

The SRTM15+ base grid has been augmented with the gridded bathymetric data sets

developed by the four Seabed 2030 Regional Centers to produce the GEBCO_2022 Grid.

The Regional Centers have compiled gridded bathymetric data sets, largely based on

multibeam data, for their areas of responsibility. These regional grids were then provided to

the Global Center.

For the 2020 and 2021 releases of the GEBCO grid, the data sets provided as sparse grids by

the Regional Centers were included on to the base grid without any blending. This led to

discontinuities at the boundary between the regional grids and the base grids in some areas,

largely in regions where the base grid is not constrained by measured data, i.e. areas of large

differences between the data sets.

For the 2022 Grid, the sparse regional grids have been included on to the base grid using a

Smith, 2009 and Hell and Jakobsson, 2011). This is a two-stage process of computing the

difference between the new data and the ‘base’ grid and then gridding the difference and

adding the difference back to the existing ‘base’ grid. The aim is to achieve a smooth

Some additional edits were made to the final grid to remove erroneous values identified in the

previous grid and notified to the Global Center.

The GEBCO_2022 Grid includes data sets from a number of international and national data

repositories and regional mapping initiatives. Information on the data sets included in the grid

is given in our data contributors list.

Ice-surface elevation and under-ice topography

The GEBCO_2022 grid is made available in two versions, containing:

• land and ice surface elevation information

• under-ice topography information for Greenland and Antarctica

The information for ice-surface elevation and under-ice topography/bathymetry is taken from

South of 60°S, the land/ ice-surface elevation topography is largely determined from

MEaSUREs BedMachine Antarctica, Version 2 (Morlighem, M. et al 2020). For areas north

of 60°N, land data are largely taken from the Global Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data

2010 (GMTED2010) data set (Danielson, J.J., and Gesch, D.B., 2011).

2.2 GEBCO_2021

The GEBCO_2021 Grid was released in July 2021. It uses as a ‘base’ Version 2.2 of the

SRTM15+ data set between latitudes of 50° South and 60° North. This data set is a fusion of

land topography with measured and estimated seafloor topography. This version of

SRTM15+ is similar to version 2.1 [Tozer et al., 2019] with minor updates. Version 2.2 uses

predicted depths based on the V29 gravity model [Sandwell et al., 2019] and approximately

For areas outside of the polar regions (primarily south of 60°N and north of 50°S), these data

sets are in the form of 'sparse grids', i.e. only grid cells that contain data were populated. For

the polar regions, complete grids were provided due to the complexities of incorporating data

held in polar coordinates.

The compilation of the GEBCO_2021 Grid from these regional data grids was carried out at

The data sets provided as sparse grids by the Regional Centers were included on to the base

grid without any blending, i.e. grid cells in the base grid were replaced with data from the

sparse grids. This was with aim of avoiding creating edge effects, ‘ridges and ripples’, at the

boundaries between the sparse grids and base grid during the blending process used