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# Prophecy [](https://packagist.org/packages/phpspec/prophecy) [](https://travis-ci.org/phpspec/prophecy) Prophecy is a highly opinionated yet very powerful and flexible PHP object mocking framework. Though initially it was created to fulfil phpspec2 needs, it is flexible enough to be used inside any testing framework out there with minimal effort. ## A simple example ```php <?php class UserTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase { private $prophet; public function testPasswordHashing() { $hasher = $this->prophet->prophesize('App\Security\Hasher'); $user = new App\Entity\User($hasher->reveal()); $hasher->generateHash($user, 'qwerty')->willReturn('hashed_pass'); $user->setPassword('qwerty'); $this->assertEquals('hashed_pass', $user->getPassword()); } protected function setup() { $this->prophet = new \Prophecy\Prophet; } protected function tearDown() { $this->prophet->checkPredictions(); } } ``` ## Installation ### Prerequisites Prophecy requires PHP 5.3.3 or greater. ### Setup through composer First, add Prophecy to the list of dependencies inside your `composer.json`: ```json { "require-dev": { "phpspec/prophecy": "~1.0" } } ``` Then simply install it with composer: ```bash $> composer install --prefer-dist ``` You can read more about Composer on its [official webpage](http://getcomposer.org). ## How to use it First of all, in Prophecy every word has a logical meaning, even the name of the library itself (Prophecy). When you start feeling that, you'll become very fluid with this tool. For example, Prophecy has been named that way because it concentrates on describing the future behavior of objects with very limited knowledge about them. But as with any other prophecy, those object prophecies can't create themselves - there should be a Prophet: ```php $prophet = new Prophecy\Prophet; ``` The Prophet creates prophecies by *prophesizing* them: ```php $prophecy = $prophet->prophesize(); ``` The result of the `prophesize()` method call is a new object of class `ObjectProphecy`. Yes, that's your specific object prophecy, which describes how your object would behave in the near future. But first, you need to specify which object you're talking about, right? ```php $prophecy->willExtend('stdClass'); $prophecy->willImplement('SessionHandlerInterface'); ``` There are 2 interesting calls - `willExtend` and `willImplement`. The first one tells object prophecy that our object should extend specific class, the second one says that it should implement some interface. Obviously, objects in PHP can implement multiple interfaces, but extend only one parent class. ### Dummies Ok, now we have our object prophecy. What can we do with it? First of all, we can get our object *dummy* by revealing its prophecy: ```php $dummy = $prophecy->reveal(); ``` The `$dummy` variable now holds a special dummy object. Dummy objects are objects that extend and/or implement preset classes/interfaces by overriding all their public methods. The key point about dummies is that they do not hold any logic - they just do nothing. Any method of the dummy will always return `null` and the dummy will never throw any exceptions. Dummy is your friend if you don't care about the actual behavior of this double and just need a token object to satisfy a method typehint. You need to understand one thing - a dummy is not a prophecy. Your object prophecy is still assigned to `$prophecy` variable and in order to manipulate with your expectations, you should work with it. `$dummy` is a dummy - a simple php object that tries to fulfil your prophecy. ### Stubs Ok, now we know how to create basic prophecies and reveal dummies from them. That's awesome if we don't care about our _doubles_ (objects that reflect originals) interactions. If we do, we need to use *stubs* or *mocks*. A stub is an object double, which doesn't have any expectations about the object behavior, but when put in specific environment, behaves in specific way. Ok, I know, it's cryptic, but bear with me for a minute. Simply put, a stub is a dummy, which depending on the called method signature does different things (has logic). To create stubs in Prophecy: ```php $prophecy->read('123')->willReturn('value'); ``` Oh wow. We've just made an arbitrary call on the object prophecy? Yes, we did. And this call returned us a new object instance of class `MethodProphecy`. Yep, that's a specific method with arguments prophecy. Method prophecies give you the ability to create method promises or predictions. We'll talk about method predictions later in the _Mocks_ section. #### Promises Promises are logical blocks, that represent your fictional methods in prophecy terms and they are handled by the `MethodProphecy::will(PromiseInterface $promise)` method. As a matter of fact, the call that we made earlier (`willReturn('value')`) is a simple shortcut to: ```php $prophecy->read('123')->will(new Prophecy\Promise\ReturnPromise(array('value'))); ``` This promise will cause any call to our double's `read()` method with exactly one argument - `'123'` to always return `'value'`. But that's only for this promise, there's plenty others you can use: - `ReturnPromise` or `->willReturn(1)` - returns a value from a method call - `ReturnArgumentPromise` or `->willReturnArgument($index)` - returns the nth method argument from call - `ThrowPromise` or `->willThrow($exception)` - causes the method to throw specific exception - `CallbackPromise` or `->will($callback)` - gives you a quick way to define your own custom logic Keep in mind, that you can always add even more promises by implementing `Prophecy\Promise\PromiseInterface`. #### Method prophecies idempotency Prophecy enforces same method prophecies and, as a consequence, same promises and predictions for the same method calls with the same arguments. This means: ```php $methodProphecy1 = $prophecy->read('123'); $methodProphecy2 = $prophecy->read('123'); $methodProphecy3 = $prophecy->read('321'); $methodProphecy1 === $methodProphecy2; $methodProphecy1 !== $methodProphecy3; ``` That's interesting, right? Now you might ask me how would you define more complex behaviors where some method call changes behavior of others. In PHPUnit or Mockery you do that by predicting how many times your method will be called. In Prophecy, you'll use promises for that: ```php $user->getName()->willReturn(null); // For PHP 5.4 $user->setName('everzet')->will(function () { $this->getName()->willReturn('everzet'); }); // For PHP 5.3 $user->setName('everzet')->will(function ($args, $user) { $user->getName()->willReturn('everzet'); }); // Or $user->setName('everzet')->will(function ($args) use ($user) { $user->getName()->willReturn('everzet'); }); ``` And now it doesn't matter how many times or in which order your methods are called. What matters is their behaviors and how well you faked it. #### Arguments wildcarding The previous example is awesome (at least I hope it is for you), but that's not optimal enough. We hardcoded `'everzet'` in our expectation. Isn't there a better way? In fact there is, but it involves understanding what this `'everzet'` actually is. You see, even if method arguments used during method prophecy creation look like simple method arguments, in reality they are not. They are argument token wildcards. As a matter of fact, `->setName('everzet')` looks like a simple call just because Prophecy automatically transforms it under the hood into: ```php $user->setName(new Prophecy\Argument\Token\ExactValueToken('everzet')); ``` Those argument tokens are simple PHP classes, that implement `Prophecy\Argument\Token\TokenInterface` and tell Prophecy how to compare real arguments with your expectations. And y