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摘要
随着我国微型电子技术和嵌入式系统的发展，目前行业内相对比较传统的探
伤仪无法满足客户的需求。为了改进传统探伤仪在被测设备探伤上得短板问题，
在本次毕业设计中，将使用相对先进、快捷、智能的控制机制。该系统的控制大
脑为核心部件 51 系列嵌入式开发系统，采用 51 单片机作为主要控制核心，在使
用探伤仪测量过程中主要通过传感器采集信号，通过数模转换将对称重电压信号
进行数模转换和测量，最终将信号传送给单片机进行处理等。该探伤仪设计具有
性价比高、度准确、能耗较低、制作简易、称重方便快捷等特点，给人民生活带
来了很大的影响，在市场上很受欢迎。
该智能控制系统设计主要从国内外发展状况，硬件控制部件选择，根据控制
原理绘制硬件电路，控制系统软件程序设计开发等方面进行详细讲解。该控制系
统使用 AT89C52 嵌入式开发系统、传感器信号采集电路、数据转换电路等组成
智能探伤仪系统。智能控制系统使用的数模转换电路是市场上专用的 ADC0809
芯片，将传感器采集到的模拟信号转换成单片机能够识别的数字信号，并且将数
字信号在单片机上进行相应的处理。
超声无损检测是在现代工业生产中应用的非常广泛的一种无损检测方法，
它对于提高产品的质量和可靠性有着重要的意义。尽管随着电子技术的发展，
国内出现了一些数字化的超声检测仪器，但其数据处理及扩展能力有限，缺乏足
够的灵活性。本设计超声检测技术，基于 AT89C52 单片机开发的超声探伤仪智能
系统的硬件组成、软件设计和抗干扰措施, 以脉冲反射式超声探伤仪为代表研制
完成一个良好的数字化的超声检测平台，该系统具有测量、数字显示、A/D 转换
等功能, 并具有工作稳定、性能好等优点。为以后进一步的更深入的超声数字信
号处理研究打下了良好的基础。
超声检测是无损检测的主要技术之一，已被广泛地应用于在线质量控制、在
役设备和关键零部件的安全检测之中。超声波探伤仪作为超声波检测技术实现的
载体，在超声波检测中具有重要的研究意义。为提高超声检测的可靠性和效率，
开发研制数字化、智能化、自动化、图像化的超声波无损探伤系统是当今无损检
测技术的必然趋势。
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在论文中首先对超声波检测技术和超声波探伤仪的发展进行了介绍，然后对
超声波检测的基本理论进行了探讨，并重点介绍了脉冲反射式超声波探伤仪的基
本原理。然后对设计中的数字式超声波探伤仪的总体设计及各功能模块进行了探
讨，确定了探伤仪设计的解决方案并对系统解决方案中的主控芯片和可编程逻辑
控制芯片进行了选型。之后重点研究数字化超声波探伤仪系统的硬件设计，包括
超声波的发射电路，接收电路，信号调理电路以及数据采集处理系统的设计和实
现。最后介绍了数字超声无损探伤仪系统的软件设计，对系统软件设计的总体流
程、超声波激励脉冲信号产生、数据采集系统的逻辑控制以及回波信号的数据处
理进行了介绍。
超声检测技术是无损检测领域中的一种非常重要的方法，己被广泛地应用于
在线质量控制、在役设备和关键零部件的安全监测之中。超声检测的数字化已经
成为超声检测仪器发展的必然趋势。
关键词：无损检测；超声波探伤；AT89C52；信号调理，高速数据采集
III
Abstract
With the development of China's micro-electronic technology and embedded
system, the relatively traditional flaw detector in the industry can not meet the needs of
customers.In order to improve the weakness of the traditional flaw detector in testing
equipment, a relatively advanced, fast and intelligent control mechanism will be used
in this graduation project.Control the brain of the system as the core component of 51
series embedded development system, using 51 single chip microcomputer as main
control core, in the process of the flaw detector is used to measure the main through the
sensor to collect signal, through d/a conversion will be to analog-to-digital conversion
and measure of weighing the voltage signal, will signal transmitted to the single chip
microcomputer for processing, etc.The design of this flaw detector has the
characteristics of high cost performance, accuracy, low energy consumption, easy
manufacture, convenient and fast weighing, etc., which has brought great influence to
people's life and is very popular in the market.
The intelligent control system design mainly from the domestic and foreign
development status, hardware control parts selection, according to the control principle
of drawing hardware circuit, control system software program design and development
of the detailed explanation.The control system USES AT89C52 embedded
development system, sensor signal acquisition circuit, data conversion circuit and so on
to form an intelligent flaw detector system.The digital-to-analog conversion circuit
used by the intelligent control system is the ADC0809 chip specially used in the market.
It converts the analog signals collected by the sensor into the digital signals recognized
by the single-chip microcomputer, and processes the digital signals on the single-chip
microcomputer accordingly.
Ultrasonic nondestructive testing is one of the most widely used nondestructive
testing methods in modern industrial production. It is of great significance to improve
the quality and reliability of products.With the development of electronic technology,
some digital ultrasonic testing instruments have appeared in China, but their data
processing and expansion capabilities are limited and they lack sufficient
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flexibility.Ultrasonic testing technology, the design of ultrasonic flaw detector
intelligent system based on AT89C52 single chip microcomputer development
hardware composition, software design and anti-interference measures, represented by
the pulse reflection type ultrasonic flaw detector was developed to complete A good
platform for the digital ultrasonic testing, the system has measurement, digital display,
A/D conversion, and other functions, and has the advantages of working stability, good
performance.It lays a good foundation for further research on ultrasonic digital signal
processing.
Ultrasonic testing is one of the main techniques of nondestructive testing. It has
been widely used in online quality control, in-service equipment and safety testing of
key parts.As the carrier of ultrasonic testing technology, ultrasonic flaw detector has
important research significance in ultrasonic testing.In order to improve the reliability
and efficiency of ultrasonic testing, it is an inevitable trend to develop a digital,
intelligent, automatic and pictorial ultrasonic nondestructive testing system.
In this paper, the development of ultrasonic testing technology and ultrasonic flaw
detector is introduced first, then the basic theory of ultrasonic testing is discussed, and
the basic principle of pulse reflection ultrasonic flaw detector is emphatically
introduced.Then, the overall design and functional modules of the digital ultrasonic
flaw detector are discussed, the design solution of the flaw detector is determined, and
the main control chip and the programmable logic control chip in the system solution
are selected.Then the hardware design of the digital ultrasonic flaw detector system was
studied, including the design and implementation of the transmitting circuit, the
receiving circuit, the signal conditioning circuit and the data acquisition and processing
system.Finally, the software design of digital ultrasonic nondestructive flaw detector
system is introduced, and the overall process of system software design, the generation
of ultrasonic excitation pulse signal, the logic control of data acquisition system and the
data processing of echo signal are introduced.
Ultrasonic testing technology is a very important method in the field of
nondestructive testing. It has been widely used in online quality control, in-service
equipment and safety monitoring of key parts.The digitalization of ultrasonic testing
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has become an inevitable trend in the development of ultrasonic testing instruments.
Keywords: Nondestructive testing;Ultrasonic testing;AT89C52.Signal conditioning,
high-speed data acquisition
