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Reverse Warning
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This Regulation applies to: 1.1.1. PART I: Approval of audible reverse warning devices which are intended forfitting to motor vehicles of categories M2 (M > 3500 kg), N2, N3 and M3; PART II: Approval of motor vehicles listed in 1.1.1. with regard to fitting of audible reverse warning devices automatically activated when reverse gear is selected and the propulsion system is on.
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Agreement
Concerning the Adoption of Harmonized Technical United Nations
Regulations for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be
Fitted and/or be Used on Wheeled Vehicles and the Conditions for
Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals Granted on the Basis of these
United Nations Regulations*
(Revision 3, including the amendments which entered into force on 14 September 2017)
_________
Addendum 164 – UN Regulation No. 165
Date of entry into force as an annex to the 1958 Agreement: 19 January 2023
Uniform provisions concerning the approval of audible reverse warning
devices and of motor vehicles with regard to their audible reverse
warning signals
This document is meant purely as documentation tool. The authentic and legal binding text
is: ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2022/88.
_________
UNITED NATIONS
*
Former titles of the Agreement:
Agreement concerning the Adoption of Uniform Conditions of Approval and Reciprocal Recognition of
Approval for Motor Vehicle Equipment and Parts, done at Geneva on 20 March 1958 (original version);
Agreement concerning the Adoption of Uniform Technical Prescriptions for Wheeled Vehicles,
Equipment and Parts which can be Fitted and/or be Used on Wheeled Vehicles and the Conditions for
Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals Granted on the Basis of these Prescriptions, done at Geneva on
5 October 1995 (Revision 2).
E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.3/Add.164
6 March 2023
E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.3/Add.164 /WP.29/2012/.6_G)
2
UN Regulation No. 165
Uniform provisions concerning the approval of audible
reverse warning devices and of motor vehicles with regard to
their audible reverse warning signals
Contents Page
1. Scope ........................................................................................................................................................ 3
2. Definitions ................................................................................................................................................ 3
I. Part I: Audible reverse warning device ..................................................................................................... 5
3. Application for approval .......................................................................................................................... 5
4. Markings .................................................................................................................................................. 5
5. Approval .................................................................................................................................................. 5
6. Specifications ........................................................................................................................................... 6
7. Modification and extension of approval of the type of the audible reverse warning device . ................... 13
8. Conformity of production ........................................................................................................................ 13
9. Penalties for non-conformity of production ............................................................................................. 13
10. Production definitively discontinued ....................................................................................................... 14
II. Part II: Audible reverse warning signals for motor vehicles ..................................................................... 14
11. Definitions relevant for Part II .................................................................................................................. 14
12. Application for approval ........................................................................................................................... 14
13. Approval ................................................................................................................................................... 15
14. Specifications ........................................................................................................................................... 16
15. Modification and extension of approval of vehicle type ........................................................................... 24
16. Conformity of production ......................................................................................................................... 24
17. Penalties for non-conformity of production .............................................................................................. 25
18. Production definitively discontinued ........................................................................................................ 25
19. Names and addresses of Technical Services responsible for conducting approval tests
and Type Approval Authorities................................................................................................................. 25
Annexes
1A Communication for type approval of audible reverse warning devices concerning the approval
(or refusal or withdrawal of approval or production definitely discontinued) pursuant to
UN Regulation No. 165…… .................................................................................................................... 26
1B Communication for type approval of a vehicle with regard to its audible reverse warning signals
concerning the approval (or refusal or withdrawal of approval or production definitely discontinued)
pursuant to UN Regulation No. 165………… .......................................................................................... 29
2 Arrangement of the approval marks ......................................................................................................... 33
3 Qualification criteria for anechoic environment ....................................................................................... 38
4 Microphone positions for measurements of acoustic parameters of audible reverse warning
device ....................................................................................................................................................... 40
5 Microphone positions for measurements of audible reverse warning signals of motor vehicles .............. 42
6 Flow charts …. .......................................................................................................................................... 44
E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.3/Add.164
3
1. Scope
1.1. This Regulation applies to:
1.1.1. PART I: Approval of audible reverse warning devices which are intended for
fitting to motor vehicles of categories M
2
(M > 3500 kg), N
2
, N
3
and M
3
;
1
1.1.2. PART II: Approval of motor vehicles listed in 1.1.1. with regard to fitting of
audible reverse warning devices automatically activated when reverse gear is
selected and the propulsion system is on.
2. Definitions
For the purpose of this Regulation:
2.1. "Audible reverse warning device" means a device, emitting an acoustic signal
to the outside of a vehicle while reversing, which is intended to give audible
warning of the presence of a vehicle, with the primary purpose to fulfil the
requirements of this Regulation;
2.1.1. "Non-self-adjusting audible reverse warning device" means a device which
gives audible reverse warning sound independent of "Ambient noise" levels.
2.1.2. "Self-adjusting audible reverse warning device" means a device which
automatically adjusts its sound level, throughout a defined range, in order to
maintain a sound level differential between the sound output of the device and
the "Ambient noise" measured by itself.
2.1.3. "Stepwise self-adjusting audible reverse warning device" means a device
which automatically adjusts to a fixed sound level (covering Low level, Normal
level or High level), depending on the "Ambient noise" measured by itself.
2.1.4. "Multiple audible reverse warning system" means a combination of "Non-self-
adjusting audible reverse warning devices" capable of functioning
independently when applying "Low level", "Normal level", "High level";
2.2. "Low level” mode means the emitted sound level of the "Audible reverse
warning device" which is to aid sufficient safety of vulnerable road users
during quiet times and/or quiet areas.
2
2.3. "Normal level"mode means the emitted sound level of the "Audible reverse
warning device" which is to aid the sufficient safety of vulnerable road users
during normal traffic hours and areas not covered by 2.2. and 2.4.
2.4. "High level" mode means the emitted sound level of the "Audible reverse
warning device" which is to aid sufficient safety of vulnerable road users and
when "Normal level" is deemed insufficient for safety, during times and/or
areas not covered by 2.2 and 2.3 (e.g. industrial or road construction sites).
2.5. Basic designation for "Non-self-adjusting audible reverse warning device"
2.5.1. Class L: The "Non-self-adjusting audible reverse warning device" is able to
emit sound levels of "Low level" only.
2.5.2. Class N: The "Non-self-adjusting audible reverse warning device" is able to
emit sound levels of "Normal level" only.
2.5.3. Class H: The "Non-self-adjusting audible reverse warning device" is able to
emit sound levels of "High level" only.
1
As defined in the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3.), document
ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.6, para. 2 -
https://unece.org/transport/standards/transport/vehicle-regulations-wp29/resolutions
2
The “Low level” mode would provide the driver the tool to avoid complaints in quiet situations that
otherwise could result from the “Normal level” mode.
E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.3/Add.164
4
2.5.4. Class I: The "Non-self-adjusting audible reverse warning device" is able to
emit sound levels of "Low level" and "Normal level".
2.5.5. Class II: The "Non-self-adjusting audible reverse warning device" is able to
emit sound levels of "Normal level" and "High level".
2.5.6. Class III: The "Non-self-adjusting audible reverse warning device" is able to
emit sound levels of "Low level", "Normal level" and "High level".
2.6. Basic designation for "Multiple audible reverse warning system"
2.6.1. Class M-I: The "Multiple audible reverse warning system" is able to emit
sound levels of "Low level" and "Normal level".
2.6.2. Class M-II: The "Multiple audible reverse warning system" is able to emit
sound levels of "Normal level" and "High level".
2.6.3. Class M-III: The "Multiple audible reverse warning system" is able to emit
sound levels of "Low level", "Normal level" and "High level".
2.7. Basic designation for audible reverse warning sound
2.7.1. "Tonal sound" means a sound, which contains basically a single frequency,
which is described as a tone commonly in the frequency range from 500 Hz to
4000 Hz
2.7.2. "Broadband sound" means a sound, which contains a large number of single
frequency components, continuously distributed over a required frequency range
covering at least 1000 Hz to 4000 Hz
2.7.3. "One-third octave band sound" means a sound which is defined as an acoustic
signal, which has its main energy and nearly constant power spectral density in
1 of 7 one-third octave frequency bands (Center frequency: 800, 1000, 1250,
1600, 2000, 2500 or 3150 Hz).
2.8. Background and ambient noise
2.8.1. "Background noise" is any disturbing sound other than the sound signal of the
audible reverse warning device at test conditions in this regulation. Its sound
pressure level is measured in dB(A) and the area considered around the vehicle
is regarded as a homogeneous sound field with the same sound pressure level.
2.8.2. "Ambient noise" is any disturbing sound other than the sound signal of the
audible reverse warning device, around the audible reverse warning device and
the vehicle. Its sound pressure level is measured in dB(A) and the area
considered around the vehicle is regarded as a homogeneous sound field with
the same sound pressure level.
2.9. "Reference sound" is the sound, other than the "Background noise" or the
warning sound, that is applied at the test situation (see 6.4.2., 14.5.6. and
14.5.7.), and to which the self-adjusting and stepwise self-adjusting audible
reverse warning device will adapt.
2.10. "Type of audible reverse warning device" means audible reverse warning
devices not differing essentially from each other with respect to such matters
as:
2.10.1. Trade name or mark;
2.10.2. Basic designation
2.10.2.1. Principle of audible reverse warning device ("Non-self-adjusting", "Self-
adjusting", or "Stepwise self-adjusting")
2.10.2.2. Principle of sound ("Tonal sound", "Broadband sound", or "One-third octave
band sound")
E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.3/Add.164
5
2.11. Table 1. Symbols and Abbreviations
L
corr
dB(A)
Paragraphs 14.4.5.2.
and 14.5.5.2.
Background noise correction
L
test
dB(A)
Paragraphs 14.4.5.2.
and 14.5.5.2.
A-weighted sound pressure level result of test
L
test
corr
dB(A)
Paragraphs 14.4.5.2.
and 14.5.5.2.
A-weighted sound pressure level result of test corrected
for background noise
L
bgn
dB(A)
Paragraphs 14.4.5.1.
and 14.5.5.1.
Background A-weighted sound pressure level.
∆L
bgn,
p-p
dB(A)
Paragraphs 14.4.5.1.
and 14.5.5.1.
Range of maximum to minimum value of the
representative background noise A-weighted sound
pressure level over a defined time period.
∆L
dB(A)
Paragraphs 14.4.5.2.
and 14.5.5.2.
A-weighted sound pressure level of test result minus
the A-weighted background noise level (∆L = L
test
-
L
bgn
)
I. Part I. Audible reverse warning device
3. Application for approval
3.1. The application for approval of a type of audible reverse warning device shall
be submitted by its manufacturer or by his duly accredited representative.
3.2. It shall be accompanied by a duly filled technical information document, either
in paper format in triplicate or alternatively upon agreement with the Type
Approval Authority in electronic format. A model of the technical information
document is shown in Annex 1A.
3.3. In addition, the application for approval shall be accompanied by two samples
of the type of audible reverse warning device.
3.4. The Type Approval Authority shall verify the existence of satisfactory
arrangements for ensuring effective control of the conformity of production
before type approval is granted.
4. Markings
4.1. Audible reverse warning devices excluding mounting accessories, shall bear:
4.1.1. The trade name or mark of the manufacturer and the model commercial name
and/or number;
4.1.2. The approval mark according to paragraph 5.4.
4.2. The approval mark shall be shown on the audible reverse warning device
according to paragraph 5.4. Each sample shall have a space of adequate
dimensions for the approval mark; this space shall be indicated in the drawing.
4.3. All markings shall be clearly legible and indelible.
5. Approval
5.1. If the two samples submitted for approval conform to the provisions of
paragraph 6. below, approval for this type of audible reverse warning device
shall be granted.
5.2. An approval number shall be assigned to each type approved. Its first two digits
(at present 00 for the UN Regulation in its original form) shall indicate the
series of amendments incorporating the most recent major technical
amendments made to the UN Regulation at the time of issue of the approval.
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