12/31/2016 Industrial Communications and Control Networks teaching materials i
Contents
1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1. Industrial Control Networks ................................................................................................................ 1
1.2. Some basic conception and terms ........................................................................................................ 1
1.2.1. Data Communications .................................................................................................................. 1
1.2.2. Networks ...................................................................................................................................... 2
1.2.3. Protocols and Standards ............................................................................................................... 9
2. Network model ................................................................................................................................................... 11
2.1. Layered Tasks ..................................................................................................................................... 11
2.2. The OSI Model .................................................................................................................................. 13
2.2.1. Layered Architecture .................................................................................................................. 13
2.2.2. Peer-to-Peer Processes ............................................................................................................... 14
2.3. Layers in the OSI Model .................................................................................................................... 16
2.4. TCP/IP Protocol Suite ........................................................................................................................ 23
2.5. Exercises ............................................................................................................................................ 25
3. Physical Layer and Media ................................................................................................................................. 26
3.1. Data and Signal .................................................................................................................................. 26
3.1.1. Periodic Analog Signals ............................................................................................................. 26
3.1.2. Digital Signals ........................................................................................................................... 28
3.1.3. Transmission Impairment .......................................................................................................... 32
3.1.4. Data Rate Limits ........................................................................................................................ 34
3.1.5. Performance ............................................................................................................................... 36
3.2. Digital Transmission .......................................................................................................................... 38
3.2.1. Digital-to-digital Conversion ..................................................................................................... 38
3.2.2. Analog-digital Conversion ......................................................................................................... 43
3.2.3. Transmission Modes .................................................................................................................. 46
3.3. Analog Transmission ......................................................................................................................... 49
3.3.1. Digital-to-analog Conversion..................................................................................................... 49
3.3.2. Analog-to-analog Conversion .................................................................................................... 51
3.4. Bandwidth Utilization: Multiplexing and Spreading ......................................................................... 53
3.4.1. Multiplexing .............................................................................................................................. 54
3.4.2. Spread Spectrum ........................................................................................................................ 57
3.5. Transmission Media ........................................................................................................................... 60
3.5.1. Guided Media ............................................................................................................................ 60
3.5.2. Unguided Media: Wireless ......................................................................................................... 68
3.6. Switching ........................................................................................................................................... 71
3.6.1. Circuit-switched Networks ........................................................................................................ 72
3.6.2. Datagram Networks ................................................................................................................... 74
3.6.3. Virtual-circuit Networks ............................................................................................................ 75
3.7. Practice Set ........................................................................................................................................ 80
3.7.1. Review Question ........................................................................................................................ 80
3.7.2. Exercises .................................................................................................................................... 80
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