kotlin语言案例.zip

# Exercism Kotlin Track [](https://travis-ci.org/exercism/kotlin) Source for Exercism Exercises in Kotlin. ## Contributing Guide For general information about how to contribute to Exercism, please refer to the [contributing guide](https://exercism.org/docs/building). ## Table of Contents * [Overview](#overview) * [Contributing With Minimal Setup](#contributing-with-minimal-setup) * [Getting Familiar With the Codebase](#getting-familiar-with-the-codebase) * [The `exercises` Module](#the-exercises-module) * [The Problem Submodules](#the-problem-submodules) * [Advanced: Complete Local Setup](#advanced-complete-local-setup) * [Tip: `gradle clean` before `exercism fetch`](#tip-gradle-clean-before-exercism-fetch) ## Overview This guide covers contributing to the Kotlin track. If you are new, this guide is for you. If, at any point, you're having any trouble, pop in the [Building Exercism](https://forum.exercism.org/c/exercism/building-exercism/125) category of the [Exercism forum](https://forum.exercism.org/) for help. ## Contributing With Minimal Setup First things first: by contributing to Exercism, you are making this learning tool that much better and improving our industry as a whole... thank you!!! To submit a fix for an existing exercise or port an exercise to Kotlin with the least amount of setup: 1. **Ensure you have the basic Java tooling installed:** JDK 1.8+, an editor and Gradle 2.x. (see [exercism.io: Installing Kotlin](https://exercism.org/docs/tracks/kotlin/installation)) - **Setup a branch on a fork of [exercism/kotlin](https://github.com/exercism/kotlin) on your computer.** Next steps: * "fork" a repository on GitHub; - install `git`; - "clone" a copy of your fork; - configure an "upstream remote" (in this case, `exercism/kotlin`); - create a branch to house your work - **Write the codes.** Do your work on that branch you just created. The [Getting Familiar With the Codebase](#getting-familiar-with-the-codebase) section, below, is an orientation. - **Commit, push and create a pull request.** Something like: ``` $ git add . $ git commit -m "(An intention-revealing commit message)" $ git push ``` It is advised you write meaningful commit messages. [Chris Beams wrote about "How to Write a Git Commit Message"](https://chris.beams.io/posts/git-commit/). - **Verify that your work passes all tests.** When you create a pull request (PR), GitHub triggers a build on Travis CI. Your PR will not be merged unless those tests pass. ## Getting Familiar With the Codebase There are two objectives to the design of this build: 1. when a problem is built from within the `exercism/kotlin` repo (i.e. when you, the contributor, are developing the exercise), the tests run against the reference solution; 2. when a problem is built outside the `exercism/kotlin` repo (when a participant is solving the exercise), the tests run against the "main" code. This repo is a multi-project gradle build. ### The `exercises` Module This is the top-level module, contained in the `exercises` directory. It is a container for the problem sub-modules. * its `build.gradle` points the "main" sourceset to the reference solution. * its `settings.gradle` names each of the subprojects, one for each problem in the set. ### The Problem Submodules The `exercises` subdirectory contains all of the problem submodules. Each problem/submodule is a subdirectory of the same name as its slug. * its `build.gradle.kts` names dependencies required to work that problem. Each problem/submodule has three source sets: * `src/test/kotlin/` — a test suite defining the edges of the problem * `.meta/src/reference/kotlin/` — a reference solution that passes all the tests * `src/main/kotlin/` — starter source files, if required/desired *(this directory usually only has a `.keep` file in it)*. To run the tests for a specific exercise, run the `test` Gradle task from the exercises directory. For example: ```bash cd exercises https://github.com/exercism/v3/blob/main/gradlew bob:test ``` Steps for modifying an exercise: 1. Change the test(s). 2. Watch the changes fail. 3. Update the reference solution to make the test(s) pass. ---- ## Advanced: Complete Local Setup If you are going to make significant contribution(s) to the track, you might find it handy to have a complete local install of exercism on your computer. This way, you can run the full suite of tests without having to create/update a PR. The easiest way to achieve this is simply use the `bin/journey-test.sh` script. However, you may want to perform other tests, depending on what you are doing. You can do so by duplicating the setup performed by the `bin/journey-test.sh` script. ### Tip: `gradle clean` before `exercism fetch` If you `exercism fetch` after doing a build, the CLI will fail with the following error message: ``` $ exercism fetch kotlin bob 2015/09/06 15:03:21 an internal server error was received. Please file a bug report with the contents of 'exercism debug' at: https://github.com/exercism/exercism.io/issues ``` and if you review the logs of your x-api, you'll find: ``` 127.0.0.1 - - [06/Sep/2015:15:20:56 -0700] "GET /v2/exercises/kotlin/bob HTTP/1.1" 500 514949 0.2138 2015-09-06 15:21:01 - JSON::GeneratorError - source sequence is illegal/malformed utf-8: ``` This is because some files generated by the build can't be served from the x-api. This is by design: the CLI does not serve binaries. To fix this, simply make sure you do a clean in your `exercism/kotlin` repo before you fetch: ``` cd ~/workspace/exercism/kotlin/exercises gradle clean cd ~/workspace/exercism/exercises exercism fetch kotlin bob ```