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430的BSL应用手册.pdf 663KB

Application Report

SLAA096B - July 2001

Application of Bootstrap Loader in MSP430 With Flash

Hardware and Software Proposal

Volker Rzehak MSP/ALP Design

ABSTRACT

The bootstrap loader (sometimes called the bootloader) of the MSP430 derivatives with flash

memory allows access to their embedded memories during prototyping, production, and in

the field. It is possible to download or modify code in flash memory (electrically-erasable and

programmable memory) or to store calibration data or other system-relevant data in flash

memory or in RAM.

This application note describes simple and low-cost hardware and software solutions to

access the bootstrap loader functions of the MSP430 flash devices via the serial port

(RS-232) of a personal computer (PC). The description provided and the C-source code of

the software routines allow adaptation of the software to specific requirements.

Contents

1 Introduction 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 Bootstrap Loader Basics 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.1 Invoking the Bootstrap Loader 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.2 Access to Bootstrap Loader 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.3 Bootstrap Loader Functions 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.3.1 Unprotected Functions 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.3.2 Protected Functions 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3 Hardware Description 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.1 Power Supply 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.2 Serial Interface 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.2.1 Level Shifting 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.2.2 Control of RST/NMI and TEST or TCK Pins 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.3 Target Connector 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.4 Parts List 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4 Software Description 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.1 Global Variables 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.2 Initialization of the RS-232 Port 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.3 Invoking the Bootstrap Loader 12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.4 Access to the Bootstrap Loader 13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.4.1 Synchronization 13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.4.2 Transmission of Frame 14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.5 Calling the Bootstrap Loader Functions 14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.6 Releasing the RS-232 Port 15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SLAA096B

2 Application of Bootstrap Loader in MSP430 With Flash Hardware and Software Proposal

4.7 Complete Application 15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.8 Error Recovery 17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.9 Advanced Features 17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.9.1 Detecting Bootstrap Loader’s Version 17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.9.2 Executing Code 18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.10 Patch for First Version of Bootstrap Loader 19. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5 References 21. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Appendix A Listings 22. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A.1 Building the Demonstration Program 22. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A.2 Bootstrap Loader Communication Header File—bslcomm.h 22. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A.3 Bootstrap Loader Communication Implementation File—bslcomm.c 24. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A.4 Serial Communication Header File—ssp.h 28. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A.5 Serial Communication Implementation File—ssp.c 30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A.6 Bootstrap Loader Demonstration Program—bsldemo.c 38. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A.7 TXT File for Bootstrap Loader Patch—patch.txt 55. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Appendix B PCB Layout Suggestion 56. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Appendix C Demonstration Program Usage 59. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Appendix D Errata 61. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Appendix E Third-Party Support 63. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

List of Figures

1 RST/NMI and TEST Sequence to Start User Program 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 RST/NMI and TEST Sequence to Start Bootstrap Loader 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3 Frame Sent to Bootstrap Loader 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4 Bootstrap Loader Interface Schematic 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

B–1 Universal BSL Interface PCB Layout—Top 56. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

B–2 Universal BSL Interface PCB Layout—Bottom 56. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

B–3 Universal BSL Interface Component Placement 57. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

B–4 Universal BSL Interface Component Placement 58. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

List of Tables

1 Bootstrap Loader UART Settings 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 Bootstrap Loader Functions Overview 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3 Serial-Port Signals and Pin Assignments 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4 RS-232 Levels 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5 Pin Assignment of Target Connector 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6 Universal BSL Interface Parts List 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7 Bootstrap Loader Access Functions 13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

C–1 Command-Line Parameters 59. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

C–2 Program-Flow Modifiers 59. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

C–3 Invocation Examples 60. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SLAA096B

Application of Bootstrap Loader in MSP430 With Flash Hardware and Software Proposal

1 Introduction

The MSP430 derivatives with flash memory (electrically-erasable and programmable memory)

allow modification of data and program code in a matter of seconds. Erasure cycles using UV

light to clear the EPROM are no longer required. A control unit is required to access and use

these features. Part of this control unit is the bootstrap loader, implemented in MSP430 devices

with flash memory. This report describes hardware and software solutions to access the loader

from a PC for control and simple use of the bootstrap loader.

2 Bootstrap Loader Basics

This section reviews the basic principals and use of the bootstrap loader. Please see the

documentation and data sheets for the flash-based MSP430 derivatives and the application note

Features of the MSP430 Bootstrap Loader for more details.

The bootstrap loader is a program that allows communication with the MSP430 via a serial link,

even when the flash memory is completely erased. Do not confuse the bootstrap loader with

programs found in some digital signal processors (DSP) that automatically load program code

(and data) from external memory to the internal memory of the DSP. These programs are often

referred to as bootstrap loaders, too.

2.1 Invoking the Bootstrap Loader

The MSP430 bootstrap loader does not start automatically; a special sequence is required on

the RST/NMI and TEST or TCK pins. TCK is used on devices with no dedicated TEST pin.

The start-up sequence for devices with a TEST pin is shown in Figures 1 and 2.

The user program, with its reset vector located at memory address 0FFFEh, starts when the

TEST pin is pulled low during a low-to-high transition of RST/NMI (see Figure 1). Figure 2 shows

the sequence required on RST/NMI and TEST to start the bootstrap loader.

Devices without a TEST pin just require the inverted TEST pin sequence on their TCK pin.

See the documentation mentioned in the Bootstrap Loader Basics section for more information

on the start-up sequences. The data sheets of the particular MSP430 versions also describe the

required sequences.

User Program Starts

RST/NMI

Test/V

Figure 1. RST/NMI and TEST Sequence to Start User Program

SLAA096B

4 Application of Bootstrap Loader in MSP430 With Flash Hardware and Software Proposal

Boot Loader Starts

RST/NMI

Test/VPP

Test/VPP Intern

Figure 2. RST/NMI and TEST Sequence to Start Bootstrap Loader

2.2 Access to Bootstrap Loader

After invoking the bootstrap loader via the RST/NMI and TEST or TCK pins, communication can

be established using a standard-asynchronous-serial protocol. The UART settings are shown in

Table 1.

MSP430 port pins are used to transmit and receive data. Usually port pins shared with TA0 are

used (e.g., P1.1 for transmit and P2.2 for receive on F1xx derivatives; P1.0 for transmit and P1.1

for receive on F4xx derivatives). Consult the data sheet to get the appropriate pinning

information.

Table 1. Bootstrap Loader UART Settings

SETTING VALUE

Baudrate 9600 baud

Data bits 8 (binary)

Parity Even

Stop bits 1

The protocol used to communicate with the bootstrap loader is derived from a more complex

protocol; this adds some overhead to the user program.

First the PC must send a synchronization byte. If the bootstrap loader receives this character

correctly, it returns an acknowledge byte.

After successful synchronization, the PC sends a frame containing a command and its data. The

frame (see Figure 3) can be divided into a header section, a data section, and the check-sum

bytes. The data section contains at least four bytes of data: usually a start address and a length,

but some commands may ignore the contents or interpret it differently. In the case of word data

(two bytes per word), the byte order is always low-byte/high-byte.

Data. . . DataDataL (hi)L ( lo)A (hi)A (lo)L2L1CmdHdr

Data Section Check SumHeader Section

Data

Hdr:

Cmd:

L1, L2:

0×80 (Always)

Code For Requested Function

Number of Bytes in Data Section

(lo):

(hi):

Address (Start)

Length

Low Byte

High Byte

Figure 3. Frame Sent to Bootstrap Loader

After processing the frame, the bootstrap loader either returns an acknowledge signal, a

negative acknowledge (if the frame was not valid), or a command-failed signal (if the command

is not allowed).

SLAA096B

Application of Bootstrap Loader in MSP430 With Flash Hardware and Software Proposal

2.3 Bootstrap Loader Functions

The bootstrap loader has protected and unprotected functions. To enable the protected functions

the fully-programmed interrupt-vector table (located in address range 0FFE0h to 0FFFFh) must

be sent to the bootstrap loader.

This section gives a brief overview of the commands available. The commands and their usage

are described in more detail in the Features of the MSP430 Bootstrap Loader in the

MSP430F1121 document, literature number SLAA089, and in the software section of this

application note.

Note that it is not currently possible to blow the JTAG security fuse using the bootstrap loader. If

the JTAG fuse is blown, it is still possible to use the bootstrap loader. Access to the code via the

bootstrap loader is pass-word protected.

2.3.1 Unprotected Functions

•

Set password, enables protected functions

• Mass erase, completely erases the flash memory. Afterwards the password to access

protected functions is 16 times 0FFFFh.

2.3.2 Protected Functions

•

Transmit block, writes data into MSP430’s memory

• Receive block, reads data out of MSP430’s memory

• Erase segment

• Load program counter, starts execution

Table 2. Bootstrap Loader Functions Overview

FUNCTION CMD L1=L2 ADDRESS LENGTH DATA

Set password 10h 24h xx xx Password

Mass erase 18h 04h Flash 0A506h –

Transmit byte 12h n+4 Start n Data (n byte)

Receive byte 14h 04h Start n –

Erase 16h 04h Segment 0A502h –

Load PC 1Ah 04h Start xx –

3 Hardware Description

The low-cost hardware presented in this application note (Figure 4) consists mainly of a

low-dropout voltage regulator, some inverters, and operational amplifiers. There are also some

resistors, capacitors, and diodes. A complete parts list is provided later in this section.

The functional blocks are described in more detail in the following subsections.

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