唐 山 学 院
毕 业 设 计
设计题目：四轮汽车自动停车系统的研究
系 别： 信息工程系
班 级：
姓 名：
指 导 教 师：
辅 导 教 师：
2 0 1 1 年 6 月 1 0 日
四轮汽车自动停车系统的研究
摘 要
随着汽车工业的不断发展，私人汽车的拥有量越来越多，尤其是在大中城市这种现
象越来越明显。大量汽车尤其是私人汽车的出现给人们带来了一定的便利。但是，汽车
数量多产生的负面影响也越来越严重。在一块有限的土地上汽车的数量反而在不断增长，
停车位的数量却远不及汽车数量的增长，在狭小的空间里，势必会给汽车的停车造成很
大的麻烦，在停车过程中稍有不慎，就会与旁边的汽车产生摩擦碰撞，这也很有可能造
成交通拥堵，使交通不畅，甚至造成交通瘫痪。因此，本文对四轮汽车自动停车系统的
研究是非常有研究意义和现实意义的。
本设计的目的是通过单片机连接红外对管传感器实现对障碍物的检测、躲避和路径
的优化。本设计主要有以下几大模块构成：单片机最小系统模块；程序下载模块；发光
二极管显示模块；红外对管检测模块；电机驱动模块。程序调试部分分为软件调试和硬
件调试两部分，首先利用 KEIL 开发集成软件环境对该系统的程序进行编译，利用
PROTEUS 绘制系统仿真原理图，对系统的整体性进行仿真，通过件这些工具的完美结
合对该设计进行系统的模拟仿真；仿真达到要求效果后，设计硬件系统，编制软件程序，
并进行统调。
最后通过软硬件的结合实现既有理论设计又有实物结合，完成四轮汽车自动停车系
统的设计。
关键词：单片机 LG9110 红外传感器 MAX232CPE
Four Round Automobile Automatic Stop
System's Research
Abstract
With the continuous development of auto industry, private car ownership of more and
more, especially in cities this phenomenon is more and more obvious, The emergence of large
car people brings a certain amount of convenience, but its negative influence has intensified.
In a fixed the number of cars on the land is constantly increasing, instead of in a narrow space,
will inevitably give car parking caused great trouble, is likely to cause traffic jams, Thus, in
this paper, the automatic parking system to round the research is very realistic significance.
This is designed to tube connected by SCM realizing infrared sensor for the detection,
avoid obstacles and path optimization. This design basically has the following a few big
blocks: Single chip minimize system module; Program download module; Leds display
module; Infrared inspection module to tube detection; Motor driver module. Program test part
into software debugging and hardware debugging two parts, the first use of the system
integration environment development procedure of using simulation software compiler,
design the system of simulation circuit principle diagram, through the perfect combination of
two tools for this design system simulation; Simulation requirements, design hardware system
after effect, making software program, and unit adjustment.
Finally, through the combination of both hardware and software design and realization
theory of physical union, complete polyester car parking system design of automatic.
Key words: Single-chipmicrocomputer;Lg9110;Infrared sensor; Max232cpe
目 录
1 引言........................................................................................................................................1
2 硬件设计................................................................................................................................2
2.1 系统设计框图..................................................................................................................2
2.2 总体设计思路.................................................................................................................2
2.3 各模块的设计思路.........................................................................................................3
2.3.1 车体框架............................................................................................................3
2.3.2 电源模块的选择................................................................................................3
2.3.3 单片机最小系统模块的设计............................................................................4
2.3.4 红外对管传感器模块的设计............................................................................6
2.3.5 电机驱动模块的设计........................................................................................7
2.3.6 蜂鸣器和 LED 电路的设计..............................................................................8
2.3.7 程序下载电路的设计........................................................................................9
3 软件设计..............................................................................................................................13
3.1 主程序...........................................................................................................................13
3.2 垂直停车程序...............................................................................................................14
3.3 平行停车程序...............................................................................................................15
3.4 LED 灯控制子程序.......................................................................................................16
3.5 蜂鸣器控制子程序.......................................................................................................18
3.6 单片机编程语言简介...................................................................................................19
3.6.1 单片机编程语言分类......................................................................................19
3.6.2 汇编语言特点..................................................................................................19
3.6.3 C 语言的特点...................................................................................................19
3.6.4 基于单片机的 C 语言.....................................................................................20
4 模糊算法..............................................................................................................................21
4.1 模糊算法简介................................................................................................................21
4.2 模糊控制........................................................................................................................21
4.3 模糊规则........................................................................................................................22
4.3.1 垂直停车模糊规则...........................................................................................22
4.3.2 平行停车模糊规则...........................................................................................23
5 硬件的焊接及调试..............................................................................................................25
5.1 硬件的焊接....................................................................................................................25
5.2 硬件的调试....................................................................................................................26
6 软件的仿真..........................................................................................................................28
6.1 KEIL 软件简介 .............................................................................................................28
6.1.1 KEIL 软件的介绍 ............................................................................................28
6.1.2 KEIL 软件的编译流程 ....................................................................................28
6.2 PROTUES 软件简介.....................................................................................................28
6.2.1 PROTUES 软件的介绍....................................................................................28
6.2.2 PROTUES 软件开发流程................................................................................29
6.3 软件的联调...................................................................................................................29
7 结论......................................................................................................................................33
谢辞..........................................................................................................................................34
参考文献..................................................................................................................................35
附录..........................................................................................................................................36
附录一 程序清单................................................................................................................36
垂直停车....................................................................................................................36
平行停车....................................................................................................................41
附录二 器件清单................................................................................................................47
附录三 硬件电路图............................................................................................................48
外文资料..................................................................................................................................49
