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J1939-73
REV.
SEP2006
SURFACE
VEHICLE
RECOMMENDED
PRACTICE
Issued 1996-02
Revised 2006-09
Superseding J1939-73 MAR2004
Application Layer - Diagnostics
RATIONALE
This SAE Recommended Practice has been updated to support manufacturers’ new requirements, and new On Board
Diagnostic (OBD) regulatory requirements for light duty, medium duty and heavy duty vehicles. These cover the needs of
US EPA, US CARB, EU, and World Wide Harmonization of OBD. The following updates made: APPENDIX G, listing non-
OBD fault management narratives, DM22 (Individual Clear/Reset of Active and Previously Active DTC), DM23 (Previously
Active Emission Related Faults), DM24 (SPN Support), DM25 (Expanded Freeze Frame), and DM26 (Diagnostic
Readiness 3), a revised definition for DM6, and updates to the DM1 for lamp flashing and a fixed 1 second update rate,
DM27 (All Pending DTCs), DM28 (Permanent DTCs), DM29 (Regulated DTC Counts), DM30 (Scaled Test
Results),DM31(DTC to Lamp Association), DM32 through DM52, and the addition of 2 new FMIs (FMI 20 Data Drifted
High, and FMI21 Data Drifted Low).
FOREWORD
The J1939 series of SAE Recommended Practices has been developed by the Truck and Bus Control and
Communications Network Subcommittee of the Truck and Bus Electrical and Electronics Committee. The objectives of
the subcommittee are to develop information reports, recommended practices, and standards concerned with the
requirements, design, and usage of devices which transmit electronic signals and control information among vehicle
components.
These SAE recommended practices are intended as a guide toward standard practice and are subject to change so as to
keep pace with experience and technical advances.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. (R)Scope ....................................................................................................................................................... 6
2. References.................................................................................................................................................... 7
2.1 Applicable Publications ................................................................................................................................. 7
2.1.1 SAE Publications........................................................................................................................................... 7
2.1.2 (R)On Board Diagnostics Regulations.......................................................................................................... 7
3. (R)Definitions ................................................................................................................................................ 8
3.1 Active............................................................................................................................................................. 8
3.2 Broadcast ...................................................................................................................................................... 8
3.3 Calibration ..................................................................................................................................................... 8
3.4 (R)Confirmed................................................................................................................................................. 8
3.5 (R)Continuously Monitored Systems ............................................................................................................ 8
3.6 Diagnostic Trouble Code .............................................................................................................................. 8
3.7 (R)Discriminatory .......................................................................................................................................... 8
3.8 Freeze Frame................................................................................................................................................ 8
3.9 Key ................................................................................................................................................................ 8
3.10 Malfunction Indicator Lamp........................................................................................................................... 9
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3.11 Memory Access............................................................................................................................................. 9
3.12 Non-continuously Monitored Systems .......................................................................................................... 9
3.13 Object............................................................................................................................................................ 9
3.14 Password ...................................................................................................................................................... 9
3.15 Pending ......................................................................................................................................................... 9
3.16 (R)Permanent................................................................................................................................................ 9
3.17 Pointer........................................................................................................................................................... 9
3.18 Port................................................................................................................................................................ 9
3.19 Previously Active........................................................................................................................................... 9
3.20 Rationality ..................................................................................................................................................... 9
3.21 (R)Readiness Code .................................................................................................................................... 10
3.22 Seed............................................................................................................................................................ 10
3.23 Space .......................................................................................................................................................... 10
3.24 User_Level .................................................................................................................................................. 10
4. (R)Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................................... 10
5. Technical Requirements ............................................................................................................................. 12
5.1 General ....................................................................................................................................................... 12
5.2 Overview of Diagnostic Requirements........................................................................................................ 12
5.2.1 Diagnostic Capabilities Envisioned............................................................................................................. 12
5.2.2 Suggested Diagnostic Support ................................................................................................................... 12
5.2.2.1 (R)Emission Related Components ............................................................................................................. 12
5.2.2.2 Non-emission Related Components ........................................................................................................... 17
5.2.3 General Conditions For Diagnostic Procedures ......................................................................................... 17
5.3 Security ....................................................................................................................................................... 18
5.4 Diagnostic Connector.................................................................................................................................. 18
5.5 Parameter Monitoring Requirements.......................................................................................................... 18
5.6 Diagnostic Trouble Code Definition ............................................................................................................ 19
5.7 Diagnostic Parameter Group Definitions .................................................................................................... 20
5.7.1 (R)Active Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DM1)................................................................................................ 24
5.7.1.1 (R)Malfunction Indicator Lamp.................................................................................................................... 27
5.7.1.2 Red Stop Lamp ........................................................................................................................................... 28
5.7.1.3 Amber Warning Lamp ................................................................................................................................. 28
5.7.1.4 Protect Lamp............................................................................................................................................... 28
5.7.1.5 (R)Flash Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) ...............................................................................
................. 29
5.7.1.6 (R)Flash Red Stop Lamp (RSL).................................................................................................................. 29
5.7.1.7 (R)Flash Amber Warning Lamp (AWL)....................................................................................................... 29
5.7.1.8 (R)Flash Protect Lamp................................................................................................................................ 29
5.7.1.9 Suspect Parameter Number ....................................................................................................................... 29
5.7.1.10 Failure Mode Identifier ................................................................................................................................ 30
5.7.1.11 SPN Conversion Method ............................................................................................................................ 30
5.7.1.12 (R)Occurrence Count.................................................................................................................................. 32
5.7.2 Previously Active Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DM2)................................................................................... 32
5.7.3 (R)Diagnostic Data Clear/Reset Of Previously Active DTCs (DM3)........................................................... 34
5.7.4 Freeze Frame Parameters (DM4)............................................................................................................... 34
5.7.4.1 Freeze Frame Length ................................................................................................................................. 36
5.7.4.2 Freeze Frame Parameters.......................................................................................................................... 36
5.7.5 Diagnostic Readiness 1 (DM5) ................................................................................................................... 36
5.7.5.1 Active Trouble Codes.................................................................................................................................. 36
5.7.5.2 Previously Active Diagnostic Trouble Codes .............................................................................................. 37
5.7.5.3 (R)OBD Compliance ................................................................................................................................... 37
5.7.5.4 Continuously Monitored Systems Support/Status ...................................................................................... 38
5.7.5.5 (R)Non-continuously Monitored Systems Support ..................................................................................... 38
5.7.5.6 (R)Non-continuously Monitored Systems Status........................................................................................ 39
5.7.6 Pending DTCs (DM6).................................................................................................................................. 39
5.7.7 (R)Command Non-Continuously Monitored Test (DM7) ............................................................................ 41
5.7.7.1 (R)Test Identifier (TID) ................................................................................................................................ 42
5.7.7.2 SPN Identifying Component / System......................................................................................................... 42
5.7.7.3 FMI Identifying Component / System Specific Test .................................................................................... 42
5.7.8 (R)Test Results For Non-Continuously Monitored Systems (DM8)............................................................ 42
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5.7.8.1 Test Type/Component Identifier.................................................................................................................. 44
5.7.8.2 Test Value ................................................................................................................................................... 44
5.7.8.3 (R)Test Limit Maximum............................................................................................................................... 44
5.7.8.4 (R)Test Limit Minimum................................................................................................................................ 44
5.7.9 Oxygen Sensor Test Results (DM9) ........................................................................................................... 44
5.7.10 Non-Continuously Monitored Systems Test Identifiers Support (DM10).................................................... 44
5.7.10.1 Test Identifiers Supported........................................................................................................................... 45
5.7.11 (R)Diagnostic Data Clear/Reset For Active DTCs (DM11)......................................................................... 45
5.7.12 Emissions-Related Active Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DM12) ................................................................... 46
5.7.13 Stop Start Broadcast (DM13)...................................................................................................................... 48
5.7.13.1 Current Data Link........................................................................................................................................ 51
5.7.13.2 J1587 .......................................................................................................................................................... 52
5.7.13.3 J1922 .......................................................................................................................................................... 52
5.7.13.4 J1939 Network #1, Primary Vehicle Network ............................................................................................. 52
5.7.13.5 J1939 Network #2 ....................................................................................................................................... 52
5.7.13.6 ISO 9141 ..................................................................................................................................................... 52
5.7.13.7 J1850 .......................................................................................................................................................... 53
5.7.13.8 Other, Manufacture Specified Port.............................................................................................................. 53
5.7.13.9 J1939 Network #3 ....................................................................................................................................... 53
5.7.13.10 Hold Signal.................................................................................................................................................. 53
5.7.13.11 Suspend Signal........................................................................................................................................... 53
5.7.13.12 Suspend Duration ....................................................................................................................................... 54
5.7.14 Memory Access Request (DM14)............................................................................................................... 54
5.7.14.1 Pointer Type................................................................................................................................................ 55
5.7.14.1.1 Direct Memory Addressing.......................................................................................................................... 55
5.7.14.1.2 Directed Spatial Addressing........................................................................................................................ 55
5.7.14.2 Pointer Extension........................................................................................................................................ 55
5.7.14.2.1 SPN Space.................................................................................................................................................. 56
5.7.14.2.2 Reserved For Assignment By SAE............................................................................................................. 56
5.7.14.2.3 OEM Proprietary Definition ......................................................................................................................... 56
5.7.14.3 Pointer......................................................................................................................................................... 56
5.7.14.3.1 Memory Parsing .......................................................................................................................................... 56
5.7.14.3.2 Handling Of Pointer Offset .......................................................................................................................... 57
5.7.14.4 Key/User_Level........................................................................................................................................... 57
5.7.14.4.1 Key ..................................................................................................................
............................................ 57
5.7.14.4.2 Seed............................................................................................................................................................ 58
5.7.14.4.3 Password .................................................................................................................................................... 58
5.7.14.4.4 User_Level .................................................................................................................................................. 58
5.7.14.4.5 Handling Of Keys Larger Than 16 Bits ....................................................................................................... 58
5.7.14.4.6 Acceptance Rules ....................................................................................................................................... 58
5.7.14.5 Length/Number Requested......................................................................................................................... 58
5.7.14.6 Command.................................................................................................................................................... 59
5.7.14.6.1 Erase........................................................................................................................................................... 59
5.7.14.6.2 Read............................................................................................................................................................ 59
5.7.14.6.3 Write............................................................................................................................................................ 59
5.7.14.6.4 Status Request............................................................................................................................................ 60
5.7.14.6.5 Operation Completed.................................................................................................................................. 60
5.7.14.6.6 Operation Failed.......................................................................................................................................... 60
5.7.14.6.7 Boot Load.................................................................................................................................................... 60
5.7.14.6.8 EDCP Generation ....................................................................................................................................... 60
5.7.15 Memory Access Response (DM15) ............................................................................................................ 60
5.7.15.1 Status .......................................................................................................................................................... 61
5.7.15.1.1 Proceed....................................................................................................................................................... 61
5.7.15.1.2 Busy ............................................................................................................................................................ 62
5.7.15.1.3 Operation Completed.................................................................................................................................. 62
5.7.15.1.4 Operation Failed.......................................................................................................................................... 62
5.7.15.2 EDCP Extension ......................................................................................................................................... 62
5.7.15.2.1 Completed................................................................................................................................................... 63
5.7.15.2.2 More - Concatenate As Higher ................................................................................................................... 63
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5.7.15.2.3 More - Concatenate As Lower .................................................................................................................... 63
5.7.15.2.4 Error Indicator/EDC Parameter Data Is An Error Indicator......................................................................... 63
5.7.15.2.5 Error Indicator/EDC Parameter Is An Error Indicator And Data In Seed Is An Expected Time To
Completion .................................................................................................................................................. 63
5.7.15.2.6 No EDCP Available..................................................................................................................................... 63
5.7.15.3 Error Indicator/EDC Parameter................................................................................................................... 63
5.7.15.3.1 No Error....................................................................................................................................................... 65
5.7.15.3.2 Error Not Identified...................................................................................................................................... 65
5.7.15.3.3 Currently Processing For Someone Else.................................................................................................... 65
5.7.15.3.4 Currently Processing Some Request For This Device ............................................................................... 65
5.7.15.3.5 Some Failure............................................................................................................................................... 66
5.7.15.3.6 Addressing Or Data Errors.......................................................................................................................... 66
5.7.15.3.7 Security Error .............................................................................................................................................. 67
5.7.15.3.8 Time-Out Errors .......................................................................................................................................... 68
5.7.15.3.9 No Error Indicator Available ........................................................................................................................ 69
5.7.15.4 Seed............................................................................................................................................................ 69
5.7.15.4.1 Seed Completed ......................................................................................................................................... 69
5.7.15.4.2 Use Long Seed Or Key From Data Security Message ............................................................................... 69
5.7.15.4.3 Seed Values................................................................................................................................................ 69
5.7.15.4.4 No Further Key Required Of Tool ............................................................................................................... 69
5.7.15.4.5 Handling Of Keys Larger Than 16 Bits ....................................................................................................... 70
5.7.15.4.6 Acceptance Rules ....................................................................................................................................... 70
5.7.15.4.7 Expected Time To Completion Values ....................................................................................................... 70
5.7.15.5 Length/Number Allowed.............................................................................................................................. 70
5.7.16 Binary Data Transfer (DM16)...................................................................................................................... 70
5.7.16.1 Number of Occurrences of Raw Binary Data.............................................................................................. 70
5.7.16.2 Raw Binary Data ......................................................................................................................................... 71
5.7.17 Boot Load Data (DM17) .............................................................................................................................. 72
5.7.17.1 Boot Load Data ........................................................................................................................................... 73
5.7.18 Data Security (DM18) ................................................................................................................................. 73
5.7.18.1 Security Entity Type .................................................................................................................................... 73
5.7.18.1.1 Data Is Long Seed ...................................................................................................................................... 74
5.7.18.1.2 Data Is Long Key......................................................................................................................................... 74
5.7.18.1.3 Data Is Session Key.................................................................................................................................... 74
5.7.18.1.4 Data Is Certificate........................................................................................................................................ 74
5.7.18.2 Security Entity Length ................................................................................................................................. 74
5.7.18.3 Data Security Parameter............................................................................................................................. 74
5.7.18.3.1 Long Seed................................................................................................................................................... 75
5.7.18.3.2 Long Key ..................................................................................................................................................... 75
5.7.18.3.3 Session Key ................................................................................................................................................ 75
5.7.18.3.4 Certificate .................................................................................................................................................... 75
5.7.19 (R)Calibration Information (DM19).............................................................................................................. 75
5.7.19.1 Calibration Verification Number .................................................................................................................. 76
5.7.19.2 Calibration Identification.............................................................................................................................. 76
5.7.20 (R)Monitor Performance Ratio (DM20)....................................................................................................... 79
5.7.20.1 Ignition Cycle Counter................................................................................................................................. 80
5.7.20.2 OBD Monitoring Conditions Encountered................................................................................................... 80
5.7.20.3 SPN of Applicable System Monitor ............................................................................................................. 80
5.7.20.4 Applicable System Monitor Numerator ....................................................................................................... 80
5.7.20.5 Applicable System Monitor Denominator.................................................................................................... 81
5.7.21 Diagnostic Readiness 2 (DM21) ................................................................................................................. 81
5.7.21.1 Distance Traveled While MIL is Activated .................................................................................................. 81
5.7.21.2 Distance Since Diagnostic Trouble Codes Cleared.................................................................................... 81
5.7.21.3 Minutes Run by Engine While MIL is Activated .......................................................................................... 82
5.7.21.4 (R)Time Since Diagnostic Trouble Codes Cleared..................................................................................... 82
5.7.22 (R)Individual Clear/Reset Of Active And Previously Active DTC (DM22) .................................................. 82
5.7.22.1 Individual DTC Clear/Reset Control Byte ................................................................................................... 84
5.7.22.2 Control Byte Specific Indicator for Individual DTC Clear ............................................................................ 85
5.7.23 (R)Previously Active Emission Related Faults (DM23) .............................................................................. 85
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5.7.24 (R)SPN Support (DM24) ............................................................................................................................. 86
5.7.24.1 SPN Supported ........................................................................................................................................... 87
5.7.24.2 Supported in Expanded Freeze Frame....................................................................................................... 88
5.7.24.3 Supported in Data Stream .......................................................................................................................... 88
5.7.24.4 Supported in Scaled Test Results .............................................................................................................. 88
5.7.24.5 SPN Data Length ........................................................................................................................................ 88
5.7.25 (R)Expanded Freeze Frame (DM25) .......................................................................................................... 88
5.7.25.1 Expanded Freeze Frame Length ................................................................................................................ 90
5.7.25.2 SPN Data .................................................................................................................................................... 91
5.7.26 (R)Diagnostic Readiness 3 (DM26) ............................................................................................................ 91
5.7.26.1 Time Since Engine Start ............................................................................................................................. 92
5.7.26.2 Number of Warm-ups Since DTCs Cleared................................................................................................ 92
5.7.26.3 Continuously Monitored Systems Enable/Completed Status ..................................................................... 92
5.7.26.4 Non-Continuously Monitored Systems Enable Status................................................................................ 93
5.7.26.5 Non-Continuously Monitored Systems Complete Status............................................................................ 93
5.7.27 (R)All Pending DTCs (DM27)...................................................................................................................... 94
5.7.28 (R)Permanent DTCs (DM28) ...................................................................................................................... 95
5.7.29 (R)DTC Counts (DM29) .............................................................................................................................. 97
5.7.29.1 Pending DTCs............................................................................................................................................. 97
5.7.29.2 All Pending DTCs........................................................................................................................................ 97
5.7.29.3 MIL-On DTCs .............................................................................................................................................. 98
5.7.29.4 Previously MIL-On DTCs ............................................................................................................................ 98
5.7.29.5 Permanent DTCs ........................................................................................................................................ 98
5.7.30 (R)Scaled Test Results (DM30).................................................................................................................. 98
5.7.30.1 SLOT Identifier ............................................................................................................................................ 99
5.7.30.2 Test Value ................................................................................................................................................... 99
5.7.30.3 Test Limit Maximum.................................................................................................................................... 99
5.7.30.4 Test Limit Minimum................................................................................................................................... 100
5.7.31 (R)DTC To Lamp Association (DM31)...................................................................................................... 100
5.7.31.1 DTCx Malfunction Indicator Lamp Support & Status ................................................................................ 102
5.7.31.2 DTCx Red Stop Lamp Support & Status .................................................................................................. 102
5.7.31.3 DTCx Amber Warning Lamp Support & Status ...............................................................................
......... 103
5.7.31.4 DTCx Protect Lamp Support & Status ...................................................................................................... 103
5.7.31.5 DTCx Flash Malfunction Indicator Lamp Support & Status ...................................................................... 103
5.7.31.6 DTCx Flash Red Stop Lamp Support & Status......................................................................................... 104
5.7.31.7 DTCx Flash Amber Warning Lamp Support & Status .............................................................................. 104
5.7.31.8 DTCx Flash Protect Lamp Support & Status ............................................................................................ 104
5.7.32 (R)Regulated Exhaust Emission Level Exceedance (DM32) ................................................................... 105
5.7.32.1 DTCx Total ActiveTime ............................................................................................................................. 106
5.7.32.2 DTCx Total Previously Active Time .......................................................................................................... 106
5.7.32.3 DTCx Time Until Derate............................................................................................................................ 106
5.7.33 (R)Emission Increasing Auxiliary Emission Control Device Active Time (DM33) .................................... 106
5.7.33.1 EI-AECD Number...................................................................................................................................... 107
5.7.33.2 EI-AECD Engine Hours Timer 1 ............................................................................................................... 107
5.7.33.3 AECD Engine Hours Timer 2 .................................................................................................................... 107
5.7.34 (R)NTE Status (DM34).............................................................................................................................. 108
5.7.34.1 NOx NTE Control Area Status .................................................................................................................. 108
5.7.34.2 Manufacturer-specific NOx NTE Carve-out Area Status .......................................................................... 109
5.7.34.3 NOx NTE Deficiency Area Status ............................................................................................................. 109
5.7.34.4 PM NTE Control Area Status .................................................................................................................... 109
5.7.34.5 Manufacturer-specific PM NTE Carve-out Area Status ............................................................................ 110
5.7.34.6 PM NTE Deficiency Area Status ............................................................................................................... 110
5.7.35 (R)Immediate Fault Status (DM35)........................................................................................................... 110
5.7.36 (R)Harmonized Roadworthiness - Vehicle (DM36 - HRWV) .................................................................... 112
5.7.36.1 Vehicle Non-Roadworthy Component Count............................................................................................ 112
5.7.36.2 Vehicle Continuous Malfunction Indicator................................................................................................. 112
5.7.36.3 Vehicle Malfunction Indicator Display Strategy......................................................................................... 113
5.7.36.4 Vehicle Malfunction Indicator Activation Mode ......................................................................................... 113
5.7.36.5 Vehicle Incomplete Monitor Count............................................................................................................ 113
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