Physical Testing
Lecture 3
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
Overview
• Modes of Deformation
• Uniaxial Tension
• Planar Tension
• Uniaxial Compression
• Equibiaxial Tension
• Volumetric Compression
• Loading History
• Test the Right Material
• Summary
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Modes of Deformation
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
Modes of Deformation
• What do we mean by modes of deformation
• And why will we talk so much about them?
• Initially (1930s – 1950s) all focus was on uniaxial tests and fitting
coefficients to uniaxial data.
• Researchers observed that these uniaxial fits (for phenomenological
models) did not correlate with data taken from other types of tests.
• Need to perform other tests and use this data for fitting too.
• These other tests are from different strain states than uniaxial – thus the
phrase “modes of deformation.”
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Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
Modes of Deformation
• Strain states, testing and curve fitting
• Needs:
• Simple test to perform, simple specimen to prepare.
• Single state of strain/stress in the specimen, homogeneous, no
gradient of strain/stress (away from grips). This is related to both
analytical solution and measurement issues. “Pure” state of strain.
• Simple deformation mode—need analytical solution for curve fitting.
• In general, one wants to perform several types of tests (modes of
deformations) and curve fit a material model using multiple test data
sets.
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