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摘要

由于人民生活水平提高而带来巨大的消费需求、信息产业的推进、电信

运营业的发展，信息产业市场空间将得到进一步拓展。在这良好的经济环境

下，嵌入式系统领域也得到进一步的拓宽与发展。嵌入式系统是以应用为中

心、以计算机技术为基础、可剪的软硬件来适应系统对功能、可靠性、成本、

体积、功耗严格要求的专用计算机系统。嵌入式系统广泛地应用在信息终端、

工业控制和信息家电等领域，且随着嵌入式产品应用领域的日益增长，USB

外设的应用范围也随之扩大，在加上 USB 规范的完善和成熟，USB 外设的种

类不断丰富，应用领域也不断扩大，为此在嵌入式系统中实现对 USB 外设控

制也变得日益迫切。在传统的应用中，主要是 PC 扮演着主机的角色。根据 USB

的规范，可以看到在 USB 的拓朴结构中居于核心地位的是主机，每一次的数

据传输都必须由主机发起和控制。USB(通用串行总线)用于将适用 USB 的外

围设备(device)连接到主机(host)，是实现二者之间数据传输的外部总线结

构；是一种快速、灵活的总线接口。它最大的特点是易于使用，主要是用在

中速和低速的外设，应用是很广的。

本课题是基于嵌入式系统的 USB 开发设计，通过 USB 实现了 Flash 文件

系统的读写，在设计中用到了 FAT16 文件系统以及 USB1.1 传输协议，设计

中的最大的难点是 PDIUSBD12 的固件编程，该程序包括初始化其所有端口、

存储区、定时器和中断服务程序的主循环程序，中断服务程序，设备标准请

求程序以及对 NAND Flash 读写程序代码。本设计的目的是要用开发板做一个

类似于 U 盘的设备，通过 USB 电缆于 PC 连接，实现 PC 端到开发板的数据快

速传输。当 USB 电缆连接了开发板与主机以后，首先主机按照 USB1.1 协议

发送描述符请求，客户端根据请求要的描述符进行回复，所有的描述符发送

完成以后，客户端会被主机认成一个 USB 海量存储设备；接着主机发出 SCSI

指令，用于读取 FLASH 或者是 SDRAM 上的 FAT 文件系统扇区信息，如果信息

能够正确读取，主机将把开发板上的 FLASH 或者是 SDRAM 识别为一块可移动

磁盘，开发者只要通过 PC 端的资源管理器，就可以实现对开发板上存储资

源的操作。

关键词：USB FAT16 文件系统 FLASH

Abstract

Because the improved standard of living brought about tremendous

consumer demand, the information industry in the process of the development of

Telecom Operators, market space for the information industry will be further

expanded. In this favorable economic environment, the field of embedded system

has been further broadened and development. Embedded system is applied at the

center, based on computer technology, software and hardware can tailor the

system to meet the functional, reliability, cost, size, power requirements strictly

dedicated computer system. Embedded system is widely used in information

terminals, industrial control and information appliances and other fields, With

products and embedded application to the growing field of USB peripherals

scope of application is expanding, and In addition to the standard USB perfect

and mature, the type of USB peripherals has been continuously enriched and

areas of application has also been expanding. Embedded in this system to achieve

control of USB peripherals have become increasingly urgent. In a traditional

application, PC is playing the role of host. According to the USB standard, we

can see that the USB pological structure of the core of host. Every of data

transmission from the host must be initiated and controlled. USB (Unive -rsal

Serial Bus) will apply for USB peripherals (device) connected to the host

achieving data transfer between external bus structure;USB is a fast, flexible bus

interface. Its greatest feature is easy to use, it is mainly used in the medium-speed

and low-speed peripherals, applications are very wide.

The topic is based on the USB Embedded System Design, achieved through

the USB Flash file system read and write, used in the design of the FAT16 file

system and USB1.1 transmission agreement Design of the biggest difficulty

Pdiusbd12 firmware programming, including the initialization procedures of all

its ports, Storage District, timers and interrupt service routine cycle of the main

procedures, and suspended service procedures, equipment standards and

procedures for the request for NAND Flash read and write program code. The

purpose of this design is to use the development board to do a U disk similar to

the equipment, through the USB cable connected to the PC, PC tiers

Development Board rapid transmission of data. When the USB cable connected

to the plate and mainframe development, First USB1.1 host agreement in

accordance with this descriptor request, the client request to the descriptor for

reply all descriptors after the completion of this, the client will be considered as a

host of USB mass storage devices; SCSI host then issued instructions FLASH for

reading or SDRAM on the FAT file system Sector information If the information

can be read correctly. Market Development will host the Flash or SDRAM

identified as a removable disk, Just through the development of PC-resources

manager, can be achieved in the development board storage operation

Keyword: USB FAT16 File System Flash

摘要 ............................................................1

Abstract ........................................................2

研究背景 ........................................................6

1 绪论 ........................................................7

1．1 PC 接口简介 ............................................7

1．2 USB 的开发目的 .........................................7

1．3 USB 器件的选择 .........................................8

1．4 Mass Storage 协议和 FAT16 文件系统......................8

2 总线结构 ....................................................10

2．1 USB 总线拓扑结构 ......................................10

2．2 USB 设备 ..............................................10

2．2．1 USB HUB ........................................12

2．2．2 即插即用 .......................................12

2．2．3 设备的电源 .....................................13

2．2．4 设备的挂起 .....................................13

2．3 USB 主机 ..............................................13

2．4 USB 数据流 ............................................14

2．5 USB 的端点 ............................................16

3 协议 ........................................................17

3．1 Mass Storage 协议 .....................................17

3．2 BULK－ONLY 传输协议 ...................................20

3．3 SCSI 指令集 ...........................................22

3．4 FAT16 文件系统 ........................................24

3．4．1 FAT 文件系统的结构..............................24

3．4．2 Flash 盘的 FAT 结构..............................28

4 程序实现与调试 .............................................30

4．1 固件程序的实现........................................30

4．1．1 主循环——MAINLOOP.C ...........................31

4．1．2 中断服务程序——D12ISR.C .......................31

4．1．3 标准设备请求处理 ——D12SETUP.C ................35

4．1．4 NAND Flash 操作程序——NFLASH32.C...............38

4．2 固件调试..............................................40

4．2．1 检查 USB 设备是否正常工作 .......................40

4．2．2 设备枚举 .......................................41

4．2．3 BULK_ONLY 传输协议命令处理......................42

4．2．4 FLASH 的读取....................................43

5 总结........................................................44

参考文献： .....................................................45

外文参考文献 ...................................................46

中文翻译 .......................................................55

致献 ...........................................................60

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