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Java XML by Example (Part I): JAXP

Author: Darshan Singh (Managing Editor, PerfectXML.com)

Last Updated: July 11, 2003

Java promises "portable code" and XML assures "portable data". These two technologies can

be used together to architect enterprise application that work cross-platform and over the

Internet. Sun Microsystems and various other organizations are continuously working to add

and enhance XML/Web services support in Java.

The goal of this articles series is less talk and more code, with focus on a particular Java XML

technology. This time, we'll focus on Java API for XML Processing (or JAXP).

• Loading an XML Document using DOM: First example illustrates loading an XML

document into a DOM tree and checking if the XML document is well-formed.

• Creating an XML Document using DOM: Second example illustrates using DOM to

create an XML document from scratch and saving it to a disk file. This example

converts a comma separated (CSV) file to an XML document.

• Evaluate XPath Expressions: XML Path Language (or XPath) is a W3C standard that

primarily allows identifying parts of an XML document. Click here for a quick

introduction to XPath.

The third example uses SAXON 6.5.2 alongwith JAXP to load an XML document using

DOM and then evaluate an XPath expression.

• Applying XSLT Stylesheets: XSL Transformations (or XSLT) stylesheets are used to

transform XML documents into any other text format (such as XML, HTML, WML, etc.).

The fourth example accepts names of XML and XSLT files as command line parameters,

applies the transformation and sends the transformed output to the console.

• Calling a .NET Web Service: XML Web services created using ASP.NET support GET

and POST methods of Web service invocation in addition to SOAP. That means, a Web

service method can be called by sending a HTTP GET request or a HTTP POST request,

in addition to SOAP invocation. This example uses SAX to load a remote XML

document - the URL provided in essence is a HTTP GET request to a Web service. This

example applies XSLT stylesheet on the XML returned by the Web service and saves

the transformed HTML into a disk file.

We have used J2SE 1.4.1_02 and SAXON in the following examples; and Eclipse as the IDE

to write and debug these Java console applications.

Example 1: Is Well-Formed?

The following example is a console application that accepts XML file name/URL and tries to

load this XML document. If the parser succeeds in loading/parsing the XML document, without

raising any exception, we can assume that the XML document is well-formed. It uses

DocumentBuilderFactory to create an instance of DocumentBuilder class on which then we

call the parse method passing it the specified XML URI.

Loading an XML document using DOM (IsWellFormed.java)

DOM Example: Check if provided URI is a well-formed XML document

Illustrates: Loading XML document using DOM

import javax.xml.parsers.*;

public class IsWellFormed {

public static void main(String[] args)

{

if(args.length != 1)

{

System.err.println("Usage: java IsWellFormed

<xmlFileNameOrUrl>\nExamples:");

System.err.println("\n\tjava IsWellFormed c:\\1.xml");

System.err.println("\n\tjava IsWellFormed

http://www.PerfectXML.com/books.xml");

return;

}

try

{

DocumentBuilderFactory domFactory =

DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();

DocumentBuilder domBuilder =

domFactory.newDocumentBuilder();

domBuilder.parse(args[0]);

System.out.println("'" + args[0] + "' is well-formed.");

}

catch(org.xml.sax.SAXException exp)

{

System.out.println("'" + args[0] + "' is NOT well-

formed.\n" + exp.toString());

}

catch(FactoryConfigurationError exp)

{

System.err.println(exp.toString());

}

catch(ParserConfigurationException exp)

{

System.err.println(exp.toString());

}

catch(Exception exp)

{

System.err.println(exp.toString());

}

Example 2: CSV to XML

This example reads a CSV file and creates an XML document from it. The first line in the CSV

file is assumed to be the field/column names, and these names are used as element names in

the XML document. Like in previous example, DocumentBuilderFactory is used to create an

instance of DocumentBuilder class. This time we call newDocument method on

DocumentBuilder. This method returns an instance of org.w3c.dom.Document class that is

then used to create XML document by calling methods such as createElement and

appendChild.

Creating XML Document using DOM (CSV2XML.java)

DOM Example: Creating XML document

Converts CSV file to XML

First line in CSV file is field/column names -

which is also used as element names while creating XML

document

import java.io.*;

import java.util.*;

import org.w3c.dom.*;

import javax.xml.parsers.*;

import javax.xml.transform.*;

import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;

import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;

public class CSV2XML {

// Protected Properties

protected DocumentBuilderFactory domFactory = null;

protected DocumentBuilder domBuilder = null;

// CTOR

public CSV2XML()

{

try

{

domFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();

domBuilder = domFactory.newDocumentBuilder();

}

catch(FactoryConfigurationError exp)

{

System.err.println(exp.toString());

}

catch(ParserConfigurationException exp)

{

System.err.println(exp.toString());

}

catch(Exception exp)

{

System.err.println(exp.toString());

}

public int convertFile(String csvFileName, String xmlFileName)

{

int rowsCount = -1;

try

{

Document newDoc = domBuilder.newDocument();

// Root element

Element rootElement = newDoc.createElement("CSV2XML");

newDoc.appendChild(rootElement);

// Read comma seperated file

BufferedReader csvReader;

csvReader = new BufferedReader(new

FileReader(csvFileName));

int fieldCount = 0;

String[] csvFields = null;

StringTokenizer stringTokenizer = null;

// Assumption: first line in CSV file is column/field

names

// As the column names are used to name the elements in

the XML file,

// avoid using spaces/any other characters not suitable

for XML element naming

String curLine = csvReader.readLine();

if(curLine != null)

{

stringTokenizer = new StringTokenizer(curLine, ",");

fieldCount = stringTokenizer.countTokens();

if(fieldCount > 0)

{

csvFields = new String[fieldCount];

int i=0;

while(stringTokenizer.hasMoreElements())

csvFields[i++] =

String.valueOf(stringTokenizer.nextElement());

}

// Now we know the columns, Let's now read data row lines

while((curLine = csvReader.readLine()) != null)

{

stringTokenizer = new StringTokenizer(curLine, ",");

fieldCount = stringTokenizer.countTokens();

if(fieldCount > 0)

{

Element rowElement = newDoc.createElement("row");

int i=0;

while(stringTokenizer.hasMoreElements())

{

try

{

String curValue =

String.valueOf(stringTokenizer.nextElement());

Element curElement =

newDoc.createElement(csvFields[i++]);

curElement.appendChild(newDoc.createTextNode(curValue));

rowElement.appendChild(curElement);

}

catch(Exception exp)

{

}

rootElement.appendChild(rowElement);

rowsCount++;

}

csvReader.close();

// Save the document to the disk file

TransformerFactory tranFactory =

TransformerFactory.newInstance();

Transformer aTransformer = tranFactory.newTransformer();

Source src = new DOMSource(newDoc);

Result dest = new StreamResult(new File(xmlFileName));

aTransformer.transform(src, dest);

rowsCount++;

}

catch(IOException exp)

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