2001, Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Terms and conditions of use are available from
the WAP Forum Web site (http://www.wapforum.org/what/copyright.htm).
Wireless Markup Language
Version 2.0
Version 11-Sep-2001
Wireless Application Protocol
WAP-238-WML-20010911-a
A list of errata and updates to this document is available from the WAP Forum™ Web site, http://www.wapforum.org/,
in the form of SIN documents, which are subject to revision or removal without notice.
WAP-238-WML-20010911-a, Version 11-Sep-2001 Page 2 (69)
2001, Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
All rights reserved
© 2001, Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Document History
WAP-238-WML-20010911-a Current
WAP-238_100-WML-20010911-a SIN
WAP-238-WML-20010911-a, Version 11-Sep-2001 Page 3 (69)
2001, Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
All rights reserved
Contents
1. SCOPE........................................................................................................................................................................... 5
2. REFERENCES............................................................................................................................................................. 6
2.1.
N
ORMATIVE
R
EFERENCES
...................................................................................................................................... 6
2.2. I
NFORMATIVE
R
EFERENCES
................................................................................................................................... 6
3. TERMINOLOGY AND CONVENTIONS................................................................................................................. 8
3.1. C
ONVENTIONS
......................................................................................................................................................... 8
3.2. D
EFINITIONS
........................................................................................................................................................... 8
3.3. A
BBREVIATIONS
...................................................................................................................................................... 8
4. INTRODUCTION (INFORMATIVE) ..................................................................................................................... 10
4.1. B
ACKGROUND
....................................................................................................................................................... 10
4.2. T
HE
XHTML M
OBILE
P
ROFILE
D
OCUMENT
T
YPE
............................................................................................ 10
4.3. T
HE
WML2 D
OCUMENT
T
YPE
............................................................................................................................ 10
4.4. C
ONFORMANCE
G
UIDELINES
............................................................................................................................... 11
5. USER AGENT BEHAVIOUR (NORMATIVE)...................................................................................................... 12
5.1. U
SER
A
GENT
B
EHAVIOUR AND
F
EATURES IN
WAE............................................................................................ 12
5.2. U
SER
A
GENT
C
ONTEXT
........................................................................................................................................ 12
5.2.1. Variables......................................................................................................................................................... 12
5.2.2. Navigation History ......................................................................................................................................... 12
5.3. N
AVIGATION
R
EFERENCE
P
ROCESSING
M
ODEL
................................................................................................. 13
5.3.1. The Go Task ...................................................................................................................................................13
5.3.2. The Prev Task................................................................................................................................................. 14
5.3.3. The Noop Task ............................................................................................................................................... 15
5.3.4. The Refresh Task............................................................................................................................................ 15
5.3.5. Task Execution Failure................................................................................................................................... 15
5.4. F
ORM
P
ROCESSING
R
EFERENCE
M
ODEL
............................................................................................................ 15
5.4.1. Overview of Form Processing Model............................................................................................................. 15
5.4.2. Form Initialisation .......................................................................................................................................... 16
5.4.3. Form Interaction............................................................................................................................................. 21
5.4.4. Committing Form Data................................................................................................................................... 24
5.4.5. Form Submission............................................................................................................................................ 24
5.5. A
TTRIBUTE
E
XPRESSION
S
YNTAX
........................................................................................................................ 24
5.5.1. Attribute Expression Syntax Processing......................................................................................................... 25
5.6. WML2 E
VENT
M
ODEL
........................................................................................................................................ 29
5.6.1. WML Intrinsic Events .................................................................................................................................... 29
5.6.2. WML Extrinsic Events................................................................................................................................... 29
5.6.3. Event Bindings ............................................................................................................................................... 29
5.7. I
DENTIFICATION OF
D
OCUMENT
T
YPES
.............................................................................................................. 32
5.8. C
OMMON
U
SER
A
GENT
B
EHAVIOUR DEPENDING ON THE TYPE OF
E
LEMENTS
................................................. 33
5.8.1. Activation of Elements using Access Keys.................................................................................................... 33
5.9. T
HE
BACK K
EY IN
WML2 ................................................................................................................................. 33
5.10. N
AVIGATION
U
SER
I
NTERFACE
U
SING THE
WML
:
DO
E
LEMENT
......................................................................... 33
Processing the type Attribute................................................................................................................................. 34
5.10.2. Overriding the BACK Key Using the wml:do Element ............................................................................. 34
5.11. T
IMER
P
ROCESSING
............................................................................................................................................ 34
5.12. A
CCEPTANCE OF
XHTML ................................................................................................................................ 35
5.13. U
SER
A
GENT
C
ONFORMANCE
R
ULES
................................................................................................................ 35
6. WML2 MARKUP ELEMENTS AND ATTRIBUTES (NORMATIVE)............................................................... 38
6.1. XHTML B
ASIC AND
E
XTENSIONS
....................................................................................................................... 38
6.2. T
HE
S
TRUCTURE
M
ODULE
................................................................................................................................... 38
6.2.1. The body Element......................................................................................................................................... 38
6.2.2. The html Element......................................................................................................................................... 38
WAP-238-WML-20010911-a, Version 11-Sep-2001 Page 4 (69)
2001, Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
All rights reserved
6.2.3. The wml:card Element.................................................................................................................................... 38
6.3. T
EXT
M
ODULE
...................................................................................................................................................... 38
6.3.1. The p Element................................................................................................................................................ 38
6.4. H
YPERTEXT
M
ODULE
........................................................................................................................................... 39
6.5. F
ORMS
M
ODULE
................................................................................................................................................... 39
6.5.1. The select Element .................................................................................................................................... 39
Text Control Format Attributes ................................................................................................................................ 39
6.5.3. Form Control Initialisation Attribute.............................................................................................................. 41
6.5.4. Activation and Event Handler Attributes........................................................................................................ 41
6.6. T
ABLES
M
ODULE
.................................................................................................................................................. 41
6.6.1. The table Element....................................................................................................................................... 41
6.7. L
ISTS
M
ODULE
..................................................................................................................................................... 42
6.8. I
MAGE
M
ODULE
.................................................................................................................................................... 42
6.8.1. The img Element ........................................................................................................................................... 42
6.9. M
ETAINFORMATION
M
ODULE
............................................................................................................................. 42
6.9.1. The meta Element......................................................................................................................................... 43
6.10. L
INK
M
ODULE
.................................................................................................................................................... 43
6.11. B
ASE
M
ODULE
.................................................................................................................................................... 43
6.12. O
BJECT
M
ODULE
................................................................................................................................................ 43
6.13. S
TYLE
S
HEET
M
ODULE
...................................................................................................................................... 43
6.14. P
RESENTATION
M
ODULE
................................................................................................................................... 43
6.15. E
VENTS
M
ODULE
................................................................................................................................................ 44
6.15.1. The wml:onevent Element ...................................................................................................................... 44
6.16. C
ONTEXT AND
N
AVIGATION
M
ODULE
............................................................................................................... 44
6.16.1. The wml:anchor Element......................................................................................................................... 44
6.16.2. The wml:access Element......................................................................................................................... 44
6.16.3. The wml:do Element ..................................................................................................................................45
6.16.4. The wml:go Element ..................................................................................................................................45
6.16.5. The wml:noop Element.............................................................................................................................. 48
6.16.6. The wml:prev Element.............................................................................................................................. 49
6.16.7. The wml:refresh Element ...................................................................................................................... 49
6.16.8. The wml:postfield Element.................................................................................................................. 49
6.16.9. The wml:setvar Element......................................................................................................................... 49
6.16.10. The wml:getvar Element....................................................................................................................... 49
6.16.11. The wml:timer Element......................................................................................................................... 50
6.17. D
OCUMENT
C
ONFORMANCE
.............................................................................................................................. 50
7. USE OF STYLE SHEETS WITH WML2 (NORMATIVE)................................................................................... 51
7.1. A
DDING
S
TYLE TO
WML2 D
OCUMENTS
............................................................................................................. 51
7.2. T
HE
D
EFAULT
S
TYLE
S
HEET FOR
WML2........................................................................................................... 52
APPENDIX A. THE DTD FOR WML2 (NORMATIVE)..................................................................................... 53
APPENDIX B. THE WML2 DEFAULT STYLE SHEET (INFORMATIVE) ................................................... 54
APPENDIX C. THE WML2 ELEMENTS (INFORMATIVE)............................................................................. 55
APPENDIX D. STATIC CONFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS (NORMATIVE)............................................ 64
APPENDIX E. CHANGE HISTORY (INFORMATIVE)..................................................................................... 69
WAP-238-WML-20010911-a, Version 11-Sep-2001 Page 5 (69)
2001, Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
All rights reserved
1. Scope
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is a result of continuous work to define an industry-wide specification for
developing applications that operate over wireless communication networks. The scope for the WAP Forum is to define
a set of specifications to be used by service applications. The wireless market is growing very quickly and reaching new
customers and services. To enable operators and manufacturers to meet the challenges in advanced services,
differentiation, and fast/flexible service creation, WAP defines a set of protocols in transport, session, and application
layers. For additional information on the WAP architecture, refer to [WAPARCH].
This specification defines the Wireless Markup Language version 2.0 (WML2), a language that extends XHTML with
the unique semantics of WML1 [WML1].
WML2 is used for backwards compatibility only. It is not intended for content authoring. WAP2 content is created with
XHTML Mobile Profile [XHTMLMP].
The complete behaviour for a WAE user agent is not described in this specification, only the WML2 specific behaviour.
In order to build a WAE compliant user agent, this specification must be read in conjunction with the Wireless
Application Environment Specification [WAE].
