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OPnet Tutorial

Written by Andrew Kim

Last updated: March 7, 2003

I. INTRODUCTION

This material is a required reading for student taking TCM-250. To use the OPNET

simulation software you should read and understand the theories and concepts that is

described below. You will be quizzed upon these ideas presented here and during the

lecture. Again, the material contain herein is required reading for TCM-250.

The OPNET simulation software is currently not available for student purchase. OPNET

does not sell student version of software. Your only choice is to use the OPNET software

installed in the TCOM-LAB. This software is currently also being used at the Tinley

Campus.

This tutorial is written for expressed purpose of the students of the DeVry at Addison

Illinois campus by Andrew Kim. The original tutorial files that is included with the OPNET

is often viewed as difficult to comprehend by students; therefore, purpose of this

introduction is to give students basic understanding of the OPNET and also to give the

students mathematical/probability theory which underlies the operation of OPNET using as

much as simple to understand language as possible.

To understand OPNET operations and OPNET simulation setup, the knowledge from

previous math courses MATH-168 and MATH-220 are essential. Both of these courses are

prerequisite of the TCM-255. Without these courses, students may not take TCM-255 and

will have difficult time comprehending the lectures.

A. Why OPNET is being used for TCM-250

The software simulations are widely used in the industry currently. Much of the proposed

hardware as well as protocols are pre-tested in the software domain. Most of the wireless

network as well as the protocol to support wireless networks are currently being developed

using the simulation programs. The advantages of using simulation program are obvious :

less time to develop working hardware/software, ability to try out vast different scenarios of

hardware and software attempts without the down side of the cost and time, and predict

potential problems of hardware software before the actual use.

First, some information on the OPNET itself.

OPNET Modeler is the industry's leading network development software first introduced in

1986 by MIT graduate. OPnet allows you to design and study communication networks,

devices, protocols, and application. Modeler is used by the world's most prestigious

technology organizations to accelerate the R&D process. Some of the customers include,

Pentagon, MIT, UIC, and many more.

Opnet’s object-oriented modeling approach and graphical user interface(GUI) enable

relatively easy means of developing models from the actual world network, hardware

devices, and protocols. Modeler supports all major network types and technologies,

allowing you to design and test various scenarios with reasonable certainty of the output

results.

The application areas include:

1. Network planning (both LAN and/or WAN) and analysis of performance and

problems prior to actual implementation

2. Wireless and Satellite communication schemes and protocols

3. Microwave and Fiber-optic based Network Management

4. Protocol Development and management

5. Routing algorithm evaluation for routers, switches, and other connecting devices.

Some promiscuous features of features that make it such a comprehensive tool are as

follows:

1. Hierarchical network models (The model can be nested within layers)

2. Object oriented modeling (Model can be reference and used as logical extension of

Object oncepts.)

3. Multiple scenarios can be simulated concurrently and compared.

4. The traffic patterns can be imported into the modeling software

5. Ability to analyze using built-in graphing tools.

Opnet allows you to model network topologies with nested sub-networking approach. This

software allows nodes and protocols to be modeled as classes with all features of object

oriented design It facilitates modeling the behavior of individual objects at the

“Process Level” and interconnect them to form devices at the "Node Level" So that you can

interconnect devices using links to form networks at the "Network Level." You can

organize multiple network scenarios into “Projects” to compare designs and Aggregate

traffic from LANs or "Cloud" nodes.

Opnet has highly efficient simulation engine and with user’s ability to modify memory

utilization during the simulation. Very granular simulation can be accomplished in

relatively short amount of time. This in part due to the complied nature of the model when

it is executed. The OPNET model in its very core consists of C++ codes. These codes are

complied and executed just like the C++ program. This enables very detailed control of the

model by the user (if the user is proficient in C++). We shall not delve into such level of

detail in our class.

The network simulation software OPNET provides student with the ability to modify

network parameters and see the effect of these changes in immediately. The number of the

network types that is covered during the class is numerous, and it would be impractical to

perform labs physically on multitude of the networks which is constantly becoming

outdated. The time required to physically set up networks including software would require

much more time than what is available for the TCM-255 labs. The actual installation and

setup of network in server-client environment is coming up in classes TCM-340 and TCM-

343. and TCM-430. The network simulation gives students insight into changes in various

network parameters upon network performance without extended hardware and software

setup.

Using the OPNET simulation tool, one can ask various "What-If" questions such as, "What

if I added two more client stations to the existing network? Will the network become over

loaded?" "What if I were to use token ring verses 10BaseT what would be my performance

improvement?" "What if I were to increase the channel utilization to 30% what would be

impact upon my message delay?" "How many printers do I need at 16 PPM for the 40

station client server network at a given printing requirements". These types of the questions

can be analyzed using the simulation tool, without purchasing the hardwares and hoping

that your 'guestimate' of selection of hardwares and softwares are going to work. If one's

job is on the line, hoping for everything to work out just fine, is not a good proven path to a

sure promotion.

OPnet web page is located at www.opnet.com

You may wish to search the web site for

more information. In a person’s word, the reason why simulation is required:

Network simulation provides a means of testing proposed changes prior to placing them into effect,

performing what-if analysis concerning the reliability of key components in a network and the effects of

losing a component, planning for future growth, and initial design of a proposed network. The costs

associated with the building and operating of a network make simulation a viable option in making choices in

the building, modification, and performance analysis of a network.

B. What LAN's OPNET support

OPNET can simulate virtually any type of LAN (as well as WAN) that is being used in the

world. It is designed to simulate down to the minute detailed of network operation(

including speed of processor, number of processor, amount of RAM, speed of RAM among

other hardware specific parameters). in TCM-250 we concentrate on the big pictures and

will not concern ourselves with that minute level of hardware detail. The class lab will use

predominantly Ethernet (802.3) and Frame Relay for lab exercises.

II. Simulation and network basics

Student is expected to have basic understanding of the OPNET operation. This section

deals with the basic understanding of OPNET required to setup the network simulations.

The first portion will review basic probability theory. Most of the material should be a

refresher for the student and should have been covered in the previous math courses. There

are other concepts in this tutorial which may have not been covered during the previous

math courses which is covered here. First, some basic terminology which will be used

throughout this document and throughout the class.

• Channel Utilization : Percentage of network capacity used by the network. For

example, if network is capable of delivering 100Mbit/s (i.e. 100BaseT) and the

observed amount of data transmitted during a time period turns out to be 10 Mbit/s,

the effective channel capacity is 10% = 10 Mbps/100Mbps.

• Throughtput: Actual amount of data being transmitted in a given time. This figure

is generally lower then the channel utilization. Typically given in bit per seconds,

Kbit/s, M bit/s.

• Offered Load: Amount of data that network is given to transmit during a period of

time. For example, if there is 10 stations transmitting 0.1 Mbps, the offered load to

the network is 1 Mbps.

• Channel Capacity: The maximum amount of data a network may transmit within a

given period. For example, 10BaseT is capable of 10 million bits per second

(Mbps), and T1 is capable of 24 voice channel at 64Kbps.

• Buffer (input and output) : The temporary storage for the data either just received or

ready to be transmitted. The buffer may be physically a storage device such as Hard

drive, or RAM.

• Message size: OPNET terms used to describe the source data and reply data. The

source data is the data that initiates the information exchange. Typically a message

source has corresponding response source. For example, message source may be a

workstation (client) which request information download from a server, and

message response may be the information that message source requested. Within

the message source, such information as interarrival PDF, message PDF must be

defined. The terms and theory behind distribution and other probability theory will

be covered in subsequent sections.

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