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Learning PHP, Part 1: Register for an account, upload files for

approval, and view and download approved files

Page 1 of 35

Learning PHP, Part 1: Register for an account, upload

files for approval, and view and download approved

files

Nicholas Chase

Founder

NoTooMi

23 October 2012

(First published 14 June 2005)

This tutorial is Part 1 of a three-part "Learning PHP" series teaching you how to use PHP

through building a simple workflow application. This tutorial walks you through creating a basic

PHP page using HTML forms and covers accessing databases.

23 Oct 2012 - Nicholas Chase updated content throughout this tutorial to reflect current PHP

technology.

View more content in this series

Before you start

In this first part of the series you will learn about basic PHP syntax, forms and functions and how to

connect to and use MySQL or any other database with your PHP application.

About this tutorial

This tutorial walks you through building a simple workflow application with PHP. Users will register

for an account, upload files for approval, and view and download approved files. Users designated

as administrators can view uploaded files and approve them to make the files available to all

users. Part 2 and Part 3 of this series explore HTTP password protection, XML, JSON, and other

relevant issues.

This tutorial covers the following:

• Creating a basic page

• Variables, loops, and if-then statements

• Functions

• Connecting to a database

• Using include files

• Tools

developerWorks® ibm.com/developerWorks/

Learning PHP, Part 1: Register for an account, upload files for

approval, and view and download approved files

Page 2 of 35

Who should take this tutorial?

If you're a programmer who wants to learn how to use PHP to build web-based applications, start

here with Part 1 of a three-part series of tutorials. PHP is a script-based language that is easy

to learn, but still enables you to build complex applications with robust functionality. This tutorial

walks you through creating a basic PHP page using HTML forms. It also explains how to access a

database.

Prerequisites

This tutorial assumes you have no PHP experience. In fact, while it's useful for you to be familiar

with the concepts of HTML, no other programming is necessary for this tutorial. Feel free to

download the source code used in this tutorial.

System requirements

You need to have a web server, PHP, and a database installed and available. If you have a hosting

account, you can use it as long as the server has PHP V5 installed and has access to a MySQL

database. Otherwise, download and install the following packages:

XAMPP

Whether you're on Windows®, Linux®, or even Mac, the easiest way to get all of the

necessary pieces of software for this tutorial is to install XAMPP, which includes a web server,

PHP, and the MySQL database engine. If you choose to go this route, simply install, then run

the control panel to start up the Apache and MySQL processes. You also have the option of

installing the various pieces separately, but keep in mind you will then have to configure them

to work together—a step which is already taken care of by XAMPP.

Web server

If you choose not to use XAMPP, you have several options for a web server. If you're using

PHP 5.4 (as of this writing, XAMPP is only using PHP 5.3.8) you can use the built-in web

server for testing. For production, however, I will going to assume that you're using the

Apache Web server, version 2.x.

PHP 5.x

If you're not using XAMPP, you will need to download PHP 5.x separately. The standard

distribution includes everything you're going to need for this tutorial. Feel free to download

the binaries; you will not need the source for this tutorial (or ever, unless you want to hack on

PHP itself). This tutorial was written and tested on PHP 5.3.8.

MySQL

Part of this project involves saving data to a database, so you'll need one of those, as well.

Again, if you've installed XAMPP, you can skip this step, but if you choose to, you can install

a database separately. In this tutorial, I'll concentrate on MySQL because it's so commonly

used with PHP, so if you choose to go this route, you can download and install the Community

Server.

Basic PHP syntax

Let's take a look at the basics of creating a page with PHP. In the next section, you'll look at using

an HTML form to submit information to PHP, but first you need to know how to do some of the

basic tasks.

ibm.com/developerWorks/ developerWorks®

Learning PHP, Part 1: Register for an account, upload files for

approval, and view and download approved files

Page 3 of 35

A basic PHP page

Start by opening your text editor and creating the most basic PHP page (see Listing 1).

Listing 1. Basic PHP page

<html>

<title>Workflow Registration</title>

<body>

You entered:

<?php echo "Some Data"; ?>

</body>

</html>

Overall, you have a simple HTML page with a single PHP section in bold. When the server

encounters the <?php symbol, it knows to evaluate the commands that follow, rather than simply

send them out to the browser. It keeps following instructions—which you'll see in a moment—until

the end of the section, as indicated by the ?> symbol.

In this case, you have just one command, echo, which tells the server to output the indicated text.

That means that if you save the page and call it with your browser (which you'll do in a moment),

the browser receives the page shown in Listing 2.

Listing 2. The browser receives the PHP page

<html>

<title>Workflow Registration</title>

<body>

You entered:

Some Data

</body>

</html>

To see this in action, save the file as registration_action.php and move it to the document root of

your server. For XAMPP, this directory is <XAMPP_HOME>/htdocs. (For Apache, this will likely

be /var/www/html.)

To call this page, open your browser and point it to http://localhost/registration_action.php. You

should see something similar to Figure 1.

Figure 1. Output from the echo command

developerWorks® ibm.com/developerWorks/

Learning PHP, Part 1: Register for an account, upload files for

approval, and view and download approved files

Page 4 of 35

Congratulations, you've written your first PHP page. Everything else you'll do in the language

builds on this.

Variables

A variable is a placeholder for data. You can assign a value to it, and from then on, any time PHP

encounters your variable, it will use the value instead. For example, change your page to Listing 3.

Listing 3. Using variables in your PHP page

<html>

<title>Workflow Registration</title>

<body>

You entered:

<?php

$username = "nick";

$password = "mypassword";

echo "Username = " . $username . "";

echo "Password = " . $password . "";

</body>

</html>

First, notice that each line must end with a semicolon. Also, notice that you use a period (.) to

concatenate text, or put it together. You can put together any number of strings, or chunks of text,

this way.

One more note about variables: In PHP, variable names are case-sensitive, so $UserName is a

different variable from $username.

A consistent naming convention, such as deciding that all variables will be lowercase, can go a

long way in preventing hard-to-catch errors.

Save the file (and upload it if necessary) and refresh your browser. You should see something

similar to Figure 2.

Figure 2. Browser after refresh

Before moving on, let's look at a special kind of variable.

ibm.com/developerWorks/ developerWorks®

Learning PHP, Part 1: Register for an account, upload files for

approval, and view and download approved files

Page 5 of 35

Constants

You can change the value of a variable as many times as you want, but sometimes you want to

set up a variable with the expectation that the value will not change. These items are not called

variables—they're constants. For example, you might want to define a constant that represents the

title of each page as shown in Listing 4.

Listing 4. Defining a constant

<?php

define("PAGE_TITLE", "Workflow Registration");

<html>

<body>

You entered:

...

(It may seem a little trivial now, but later you'll see how this definition can be used on multiple

pages.)

Notice that you're defining the name of the constant and its value. If you try to change its value

after it's been defined, you'll get an error.

Notice also that when you reference the constant, as in the title element, you don't use a dollar

sign, just the name of the constant. You can name a constant anything you like, but it's customary

to use all capital letters.

Later, when you learn about objects, you'll see a slightly more compact way of specifying a

constant.

Easier output

Up to now, you've used the echo command to output information, but when you have just one piece

of data to output, this command can be a little cumbersome.

Fortunately, PHP provides a simpler way. By using the output operator <?= ?> construct, you can

specify information to output as shown in Listing 5.

Listing 5. Using the output operator

<?php

define("PAGE_TITLE", "Workflow Registration");

<html>

<body>

You entered:

...

Notice that when you use the output operator, you don't follow the information with a semicolon.

Later, you'll learn about other basic PHP constructs, such as if-then statements, because you'll

need them in building the application.

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