CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
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Chapter 1
Introduction
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Motivation
The invention of semiconductors and the appearance of the transistor in
1948 by Bardeen, Brattain and Schockley opened the way to personal
computers and other handheld equipments [1]. Within the next 10 to 15
years, the World computer industry will be facing one of its greatest
challenges, the end of Moore’s law. Suddenly and abruptly, as the size of
the components of small scale integration approaches the quantum level,
the computer industry will find that the requirements of the laws of physics
will have dramatically changed to those of the microscopic quantum world
[2].
So, research and development in the 21st century related with quantum
computing, resembles Boolean computation in classical computing.
A significantly improvement in the speed and processing power and an
exponential decrease of computer cost per processed bit could support such
a development [3].
Anyone can start with simple quantum logic gates and try to integrate
them together into quantum circuits. A quantum logic gate, like a classical
gate, is a very simple computing device that performs one elementary
quantum operation, usually on two qubits, in a given period of time [3]. Of
course, quantum logic gates are different from their classical counterparts
because they can create and perform operations on quantum superpositions.