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% %
% SEP: A Stable Election Protocol for clustered %
% heterogeneous wireless sensor networks %
% %
% (c) Georgios Smaragdakis %
% WING group, Computer Science Department, Boston University %
% %
% You can find full documentation and related information at: %
% http://csr.bu.edu/sep %
% %
% To report your comment or any bug please send e-mail to: %
% gsmaragd@cs.bu.edu %
% %
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% %
% This is the LEACH [1] code we have used. %
% The same code can be used for FAIR if m=1 %
% %
% [1] W.R.Heinzelman, A.P.Chandrakasan and H.Balakrishnan, %
% "An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless %
% microsensor networks" %
% IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 1(4):660-670,2002 %
% %
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clear;
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% PARAMETERS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%Field Dimensions - x and y maximum (in meters)
xm = 200;
ym = 200;
%x and y Coordinates of the Sink
sink.x =0.5 * xm;
sink.y = ym + 50;
%Number of Nodes in the field
n = 200
%Optimal Election Probability of a node
%to become cluster head
p=0.05;
packetLength = 4000;%数据包长度
ctrPacketLength = 100;%控制包长度
%Energy Model (all values in Joules)
%Initial Energy
Eo = 0.5;
%Eelec=Etx=Erx
ETX=50*0.000000001;
ERX=50*0.000000001;
%Transmit Amplifier types
Efs=10*0.000000000001;
Emp=0.0013*0.000000000001;
%Data Aggregation Energy
EDA=5*0.000000001;
%Values for Hetereogeneity
%Percentage of nodes than are advanced
m=1;
%\alpha
a=1;
INFINITY = 999999999999999;
%maximum number of rounds
rmax=2000
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% END OF PARAMETERS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%Computation of do
do=sqrt(Efs/Emp);
%Creation of the random Sensor Network
figure(1);
for i=1:1:n
S(i).xd=rand(1,1)*xm;%坐标
XR(i)=S(i).xd;
S(i).yd=rand(1,1)*ym;
YR(i)=S(i).yd;
S(i).G=0;
%initially there are no cluster heads only nodes
S(i).type='N';%普通节点
temp_rnd0 = i;
%Random Election of Normal Nodes
%if (temp_rnd0>=m*n+1)
S(i).E=Eo;
S(i).ENERGY=0;
% plot(S(i).xd,S(i).yd,'o');
% hold on;
% end
%Random Election of Advanced Nodes
% if (temp_rnd0<m*n+1)
% S(i).E=Eo*(1+a)
% S(i).ENERGY=1;
% %plot(S(i).xd,S(i).yd,'+');
% %hold on;
% end
end
S(n+1).xd=sink.x;
S(n+1).yd=sink.y;
%plot(S(n+1).xd,S(n+1).yd,'x');
%First Iteration
figure(1);
%counter for CHs
countCHs=0;
%counter for CHs per round
rcountCHs=0;
cluster=1;
countCHs;
rcountCHs=rcountCHs+countCHs;
flag_first_dead=0;
for r=0:1:rmax %主循环,每次1轮
r
%Operation for epoch
if(mod(r, round(1/p) )==0)
for i=1:1:n
S(i).G=0;
S(i).cl=0;
end
end
hold off;
%Number of dead nodes
dead=0;
%Number of dead Advanced Nodes
dead_a=0;
%Number of dead Normal Nodes
dead_n=0;
%counter for bit transmitted to Bases Station and to Cluster Heads
packets_TO_BS=0;
packets_TO_CH=0;
%counter for bit transmitted to Bases Station and to Cluster Heads
%per round
PACKETS_TO_CH(r+1)=0;
PACKETS_TO_BS(r+1)=0;
figure(1);
for i=1:1:n
%checking if there is a dead node
if (S(i).E<=0)
% plot(S(i).xd,S(i).yd,'red .');
dead=dead+1;
end
if S(i).E>0
S(i).type='N';
end
end
%plot(S(n+1).xd,S(n+1).yd,'x');
if (dead == n)%节点全部死亡退出循环
break;
end
STATISTICS(r+1).DEAD=dead;
DEAD(r+1)=dead;
DEAD_N(r+1)=dead_n;
DEAD_A(r+1)=dead_a;
%When the first node dies
if (dead==1)
if(flag_first_dead==0)
first_dead=r
flag_first_dead=1;
end
end
countCHs=0;
cluster=1;
for i=1:1:n
if(S(i).E>0)
temp_rand=rand;
if ( (S(i).G)<=0) %如果该节点在候选集合中
%Election of Cluster Heads
if( temp_rand <= (p/(1-p*mod(r,round(1/p)))))
countCHs = countCHs+1;
S(i).type = 'C';
S(i).G = round(1/p)-1;
C(cluster).xd = S(i).xd;
C(cluster).yd = S(i).yd;
%plot(S(i).xd,S(i).yd,'k*');
distance=sqrt( (S(i).xd-(S(n+1).xd) )^2 + (S(i).yd-(S(n+1).yd) )^2 );%到sink的距离
C(cluster).distance = distance;
C(cluster).id = i;
X(cluster)=S(i).xd;
Y(cluster)=S(i).yd;
cluster=cluster+1;
%%广播自成为簇头
distanceBroad = sqrt(xm*xm+ym*ym);
if (distanceBroad > do)
S(i).E = S(i).E- ( ETX * ctrPacketLength + Emp* ctrPacketLength*( distanceBroad*distanceBroad*distanceBroad*distanceBroad ));%广播自成为簇头
else
S(i).E = S(i).E- ( ETX * ctrPacketLength + Efs * ctrPacketLength*( distanceBroad*distanceBroad));
end
%Calculation of Energy dissipated 簇头自己发送数据包能量消耗
distance;
if (distance > do)
S(i).E = S(i).E- ( (ETX+EDA)*(packetLength) + Emp * packetLength*( distance*distance*distance*distance ));
else
S(i).E = S(i).E- ( (ETX+EDA)*(packetLength) + Efs * packetLength*( distance * distance ));
end
packets_TO_BS = packets_TO_BS+1;
PACKETS_TO_BS(r+1) = packets_TO_BS;
end
end
end
end
STATISTICS(r+1).CLUSTERHEADS = cluster-1;%统计第r轮簇头数目,r是从0开始的,所以加1;cluster最后要-1,是应为上面的循环多加了1
CLUSTERHS(r+1)= cluster-1;
%Election of Associated Cluster Head for Normal Nodes
for i=1:1:n
if ( S(i).type=='N' && S(i).E>0 ) %普通节点
% min_dis = sqrt( (S(i).xd-S(n+1).xd)^2 + (S(i).yd-S(n+1).yd)^2 );%默认距离是到sink的距离
min_dis = INFINITY;
if(cluster -1 >= 1)%如果有簇头存在
min_dis_cluster = 1;
%加入最近的簇头
for c = 1:1:cluster - 1 %簇头数量一共是cluster - 1
%temp = min(min_dis,sqrt( (S(i).xd - C(c).xd)^2 + (S(i).yd - C(c).yd)^2 ) );
temp = sqrt( (S(i).xd - C(c).xd)^2 + (S(i).yd - C(c).yd)^2 );
if ( temp < min_dis )
min_dis = temp;
min_dis_cluster = c;
end
%接收簇头发来的广播的消耗
S(i).E = S(i).E - ETX * ctrPacketLength;
end
%Energy dissipated by associated Cluster Head普通节点发送数据包到簇头消耗,和加入消息
min_dis;
if (min_dis > do)
S(i).E = S(i).E - ( ETX*(ctrPacketLength) + Emp * ctrPacketLength*( min_dis * min_dis * min_dis * min_dis)); %向簇头发送加入控制消息
S(i).E = S(i).E - ( ETX*(packetLength) + Emp*packetLength*( min_dis * min_dis * min_dis * min_dis)); %向簇头数据包
else
S(i).E = S(i).E - ( ETX*(ctrPacketL
