ng-spice-rework-9.tar.gz_rework_spice

SUBJECT: main TITLE: Table of Contents TEXT: H TEXT: H TEXT: H TEXT: H TEXT: H TEXT: H TEXT: H SUBTOPIC: SPICE:INTRODUCTION SUBTOPIC: SPICE:CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION SUBTOPIC: SPICE:CIRCUIT ELEMENTS AND MODELS SUBTOPIC: SPICE:ANALYSES AND OUTPUT CONTROL SUBTOPIC: SPICE:INTERACTIVE INTERPRETER SUBTOPIC: SPICE:BIBLIOGRAPHY SUBTOPIC: SPICE:APPENDIX A SUBTOPIC: SPICE:APPENDIX B SUBJECT: INTRODUCTION TITLE: INTRODUCTION TEXT: H TEXT: H _1. _I_N_T_R_O_D_U_C_T_I_O_N TEXT: H TEXT: H TEXT: H SPICE is a general-purpose circuit simulation program TEXT: H for nonlinear dc, nonlinear transient, and linear ac ana- TEXT: H lyses. Circuits may contain resistors, capacitors, induc- TEXT: H tors, mutual inductors, independent voltage and current TEXT: H sources, four types of dependent sources, lossless and lossy TEXT: H transmission lines (two separate implementations), switches, TEXT: H uniform distributed RC lines, and the five most common sem- TEXT: H iconductor devices: diodes, BJTs, JFETs, MESFETs, and MOS- TEXT: H FETs. TEXT: H TEXT: H The SPICE3 version is based directly on SPICE 2G.6. TEXT: H While SPICE3 is being developed to include new features, it TEXT: H continues to support those capabilities and models which TEXT: H remain in extensive use in the SPICE2 program. TEXT: H TEXT: H SPICE has built-in models for the semiconductor dev- TEXT: H ices, and the user need specify only the pertinent model TEXT: H parameter values. The model for the BJT is based on the TEXT: H integral-charge model of Gummel and Poon; however, if the TEXT: H Gummel- Poon parameters are not specified, the model reduces TEXT: H to the simpler Ebers-Moll model. In either case, charge- TEXT: H storage effects, ohmic resistances, and a current-dependent TEXT: H output conductance may be included. The diode model can be TEXT: H used for either junction diodes or Schottky barrier diodes. TEXT: H The JFET model is based on the FET model of Shichman and TEXT: H Hodges. Six MOSFET models are implemented: MOS1 is TEXT: H described by a square-law I-V characteristic, MOS2 [1] is an TEXT: H analytical model, while MOS3 [1] is a semi-empirical model; TEXT: H MOS6 [2] is a simple analytic model accurate in the short- TEXT: H channel region; MOS4 [3, 4] and MOS5 [5] are the BSIM TEXT: H (Berkeley Short-channel IGFET Model) and BSIM2. MOS2, MOS3, TEXT: H and MOS4 include second-order effects such as channel-length TEXT: H modulation, subthreshold conduction, scattering-limited TEXT: H velocity saturation, small-size effects, and charge- TEXT: H controlled capacitances. SUBTOPIC: SPICE:TYPES OF ANALYSIS SUBTOPIC: SPICE:ANALYSIS AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES SUBTOPIC: SPICE:CONVERGENCE SUBJECT: TYPES OF ANALYSIS TITLE: TYPES OF ANALYSIS TEXT: H TEXT: H _1._1. _T_Y_P_E_S _O_F _A_N_A_L_Y_S_I_S TEXT: H SUBTOPIC: SPICE:DC Analysis SUBTOPIC: SPICE:AC SmallSignal Analysis SUBTOPIC: SPICE:Transient Analysis SUBTOPIC: SPICE:PoleZero Analysis SUBTOPIC: SPICE:SmallSignal Distortion Analysis SUBTOPIC: SPICE:Sensitivity Analysis SUBTOPIC: SPICE:Noise Analysis SUBJECT: DC Analysis TITLE: DC Analysis TEXT: H TEXT: H _1._1._1. _D_C _A_n_a_l_y_s_i_s TEXT: H TEXT: H TEXT: H The dc analysis portion of SPICE determines the dc TEXT: H operating point of the circuit with inductors shorted and TEXT: H capacitors opened. The dc analysis options are specified on TEXT: H the .DC, .TF, and .OP control lines. A dc analysis is TEXT: H automatically performed prior to a transient analysis to TEXT: H determine the transient initial conditions, and prior to an TEXT: H ac small-signal analysis to determine the linearized, TEXT: H small-signal models for nonlinear devices. If requested, TEXT: H the dc small-signal value of a transfer function (ratio of TEXT: H output variable to input source), input resistance, and out- TEXT: H put resistance is also computed as a part of the dc solu- TEXT: H tion. The dc analysis can also be used to generate dc TEXT: H transfer curves: a specified independent voltage or current TEXT: H source is stepped over a user-specified range and the dc TEXT: H output variables are stored for each sequential source TEXT: H value. TEXT: H SUBJECT: AC SmallSignal Analysis TITLE: AC Small-Signal Analysis TEXT: H TEXT: H _1._1._2. _A_C _S_m_a_l_l-_S_i_g_n_a_l _A_n_a_l_y_s_i_s TEXT: H TEXT: H TEXT: H The ac small-signal portion of SPICE computes the ac TEXT: H output variables as a function of frequency. The program TEXT: H first computes the dc operating point of the circuit and TEXT: H determines linearized, small-signal models for all of the TEXT: H nonlinear devices in the circuit. The resultant linear cir- TEXT: H cuit is then analyzed over a user-specified range of fre- TEXT: H quencies. The desired output of an ac small- signal TEXT: H analysis is usually a transfer function (voltage gain, tran- TEXT: H simpedance, etc). If the circuit has only one ac input, it TEXT: H is convenient to set that input to unity and zero phase, so TEXT: H that output variables have the same value as the transfer TEXT: H function of the output variable with respect to the input. TEXT: H SUBJECT: Transient Analysis TITLE: Transient Analysis TEXT: H TEXT: H _1._1._3. _T_r_a_n_s_i_e_n_t _A_n_a_l_y_s_i_s TEXT: H TEXT: H The transient analysis portion of SPICE computes the TEXT: H transient output variables as a function of time over a TEXT: H user-specified time interval. The initial conditions are TEXT: H automatically determined by a dc analysis. All sources TEXT: H which are not time dependent (for example, power supplies) TEXT: H are set to their dc value. The transient time interval is TEXT: H specified on a .TRAN control line. TEXT: H SUBJECT: PoleZero Analysis TITLE: Pole-Zero Analysis TEXT: H TEXT: H _1._1._4. _P_o_l_e-_Z_e_r_o _A_n_a_l_y_s_i_s TEXT: H TEXT: H TEXT: H The pole-zero analysis portion of SPICE computes the TEXT: H poles and/or zeros in the small-signal ac transfer function. TEXT: H The program first computes the dc operating point and then TEXT: H determines the linearized, small-signal models for all the TEXT: H nonlinear devices in the circuit. This circuit is then used TEXT: H to find the poles and zeros of the transfer function. TEXT: H TEXT: H Two types of transfer functions are allowed : one of TEXT: H the form (output voltage)/(input voltage) and the other of TEXT: H the form (output voltage)/(input current). These two types TEXT: H of transfer functions cover all the cases and one can find TEXT: H the poles/zeros of functions like input/output impedance and TEXT: H voltage gain. The input and output ports are specified as TEXT: H two pairs of nodes. TEXT: H TEXT: H The pole-zero analysis works with resistors, capaci- TEXT: H tors, inductors, linear-controlled sources, independent TEXT: H sources, BJTs, MOSFETs, JFETs and diodes. Transmission TEXT: H lines are not supported. TEXT: H TEXT: H The method used in the analysis is a sub-optimal numer- TEXT: H ical search. For large circuits it may take a considerable TEXT: H time or fail to find all poles and zeros. For some cir- TEXT: H cuits, the method becomes "lost" and finds an excessive TEXT: H number of poles or zeros. TEXT: H SUBJECT: SmallSignal Distortion Analysis TITLE: Small-Signal Distortion Analysis TEXT: H TEXT: H _1._1._5. _S_m_a_l_l-_S_i_g_n_a_l _D_i_s_t_o_r_t_i_o_n _A_n_a_l_y_s_i_s TEXT: H TEXT: H TEXT: H The distortion analysis portion of SPICE computes TEXT: H steady-stat