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1. INTRODUCTION
Wireless Communication is one of the most rapidly growing industries. The high demand for
wireless communication services had led to an increase in system capacity. Then most
elementary solution would be to increase bandwidth; however, this becomes ever more
challenging as the electromagnetic spectrum is becoming increasingly congested. The ever-
increasing demand for increased capacity in wireless communications services has led to
developments of new technologies that exploit space selectivity. This is done through smart-
antenna arrays and the associated adaptive beam-forming algorithms. Smart-antenna systems
provide opportunities for higher system capacity and improved quality of service among other
things. The ever-increasing demand for increased capacity in wireless communications services
has led to developments of new technologies that exploit space selectivity. This is done through
smart-antenna arrays and the associated adaptive beam-forming algorithms. Smart-antenna
systems provide opportunities for higher system capacity and improved quality of service among
other things Depending on whether the processing is performed at the transmitter, receiver, or
both ends of the communication link, the adaptive antenna technique is defined as multiple-input
single-output (MISO), single-input multiple-output (SIMO), or multiple-input multiple-output
(MIMO).Exploitation of the spatial dimension can be increase the capacity of the wireless
network by improving the link quality through the mitigation of a number of impairments of
mobile communications, such as multipath fading and co-channel interference. Adaptive antenna
systems can improve link quality by combining the effects of multipath propagation or
constructively exploiting the diff required for transmitting data.
The employment of the space-division multiple access technique has been motivated by the ever
increasing demand on mobile communication capacity. The smart antenna array is capable of
separating signals transmitted on the same carrier frequency, provided that they are separated in
the spatial domain. For mobile systems, the benefits are increased capacity from existing cell
sites, improved network efficiency and performance. The characteristics of a wireless channel
are typically sparse. That implies that some regions are likely to be zero. Since, Smart Antenna
elements in the spatial domain correspond to different direction of arrivals (DOA); hence we
only need sparsely spaced elements. Therefore, enabling us to increase the convergence rate of
the system and thus reducing the reference training sequence needed to update the elements. This
