CSharp代码
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C#,全称为C Sharp,是由微软公司为.NET框架开发的一种面向对象的编程语言,它在21世纪初由 Anders Hejlsberg 领导的团队设计完成。C#结合了C++和Java等语言的特点,旨在提供一种高效、类型安全且现代的编程环境,适用于开发各种类型的应用程序,包括桌面应用、Web应用、移动应用以及游戏开发。 在C#中,主要的知识点包括但不限于以下几个方面: 1. **基础语法**:C#是一种强类型语言,每个变量都需要预先声明其类型。语法结构清晰,支持变量、常量、数据类型(如整型、浮点型、布尔型、字符串等)、运算符(算术、比较、逻辑等)、流程控制(if语句、switch语句、for循环、while循环等)。 2. **类与对象**:C#是面向对象的,它支持类、对象、封装、继承、多态等概念。类是对象的模板,通过new关键字实例化对象。封装使得数据和方法能够安全地存放在类中。继承允许子类继承父类的属性和方法,从而实现代码复用。多态则允许不同类型的对象对同一消息作出响应。 3. **接口**:接口在C#中定义了一组方法签名,不包含实现,用于规范类的行为。类可以实现一个或多个接口,确保遵循特定的合同。 4. **泛型**:泛型提供了一种方式,可以在不指定具体类型的情况下定义方法和类,从而提高代码的灵活性和效率。例如,List<T>集合类就是泛型的一个典型应用。 5. **委托与事件**:委托是C#中的类型,代表方法的引用,可以用来传递方法作为参数或作为返回值。事件是基于委托的机制,常用于异步编程,如UI交互中的按钮点击事件。 6. **LINQ(Language Integrated Query)**:LINQ是C#中强大的查询语言,它允许开发者使用一致的查询语法对各种数据源进行操作,如数据库、XML文档、集合等。 7. **异步编程**:C#通过async和await关键字支持异步编程,使得非阻塞I/O操作变得更加简单,提高了应用程序的性能。 8. **匿名方法与Lambda表达式**:匿名方法是未命名的函数,而Lambda表达式是匿名方法的简洁形式,常用于配合LINQ进行数据操作。 9. **泛型委托和表达式树**:在需要在运行时动态创建委托或表达式时,C#提供了泛型委托和表达式树,它们在反射和元编程中起到重要作用。 10. **异构集合与泛型接口**:如`IEnumerable<T>`、`IList<T>`和`ICollection<T>`等接口定义了对集合的通用操作,使得不同类型的集合能共享相同的操作。 11. **异构类型转换与装箱拆箱**:C#中,值类型和引用类型之间可以通过装箱和拆箱操作相互转换,但需要注意类型兼容性和性能问题。 12. **异常处理**:C#使用try-catch-finally结构来处理异常,可以自定义异常类并抛出异常。 13. **属性、索引器和运算符重载**:属性提供了一种访问类成员的友好方式,索引器允许类像数组一样通过索引访问元素,运算符重载使用户可以自定义运算符的行为。 14. **预处理器指令**:如#define、#if、#endif等,用于在编译时控制代码的包含和排除。 15. **元数据与反射**:C#支持元数据,允许在程序运行时获取类型、方法和其他成员的信息。反射机制可以动态创建对象、调用方法等。 16. **多线程与并发**:C#提供了System.Threading命名空间,支持多线程编程,还有Task Parallel Library (TPL) 和 async/await 用于并行和并发处理。 17. **异步流和Channel**:C# 8.0引入了异步流,使得异步操作更加流畅,Channel则是用于构建高效率并发系统的双端队列。 18. **异构集合与泛型接口**:如`IEnumerable<T>`、`IList<T>`和`ICollection<T>`等接口定义了对集合的通用操作,使得不同类型的集合能共享相同的操作。 以上只是C#编程语言中的一部分关键知识点,CSharp-Code-master这个压缩包可能包含了实际的C#代码示例,涵盖了这些概念的实际应用。通过学习和理解这些代码,你可以更深入地掌握C#的编程技巧和最佳实践。
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