Solana: A new architecture for a high
performance blockchain v0.8.13
Anatoly Yakovenko
anatoly@solana.io
Legal Disclaimer Nothing in this White Paper is an offer to sell, or the solicitation of an offer
to buy, any tokens. Solana is publishing this White Paper solely to receive feedback and comments from
the public. If and when Solana offers for sale any tokens (or a Simple Agreement for Future Tokens), it
will do so through definitive offering documents, including a disclosure document and risk factors. Those
definitive documents also are expected to include an updated version of this White Paper, which may
differ significantly from the current version. If and when Solana makes such an offering in the United
States, the offering likely will be available solely to accredited investors.
Nothing in this White Paper should be treated or read as a guarantee or promise of how Solanas
business or the tokens will develop or of the utility or value of the tokens. This White Paper outlines
current plans, which could change at its discretion, and the success of which will depend on many factors
outside Solanas control, including market-based factors and factors within the data and cryptocurrency
industries, among others. Any statements about future events are based solely on Solanas analysis of the
issues described in this White Paper. That analysis may prove to be incorrect.
Abstract
This paper proposes a new blockchain architecture based on Proof
of History (PoH) - a proof for verifying order and passage of time
between events. PoH is used to encode trustless passage of time into
a ledger - an append only data structure. When used alongside a
consensus algorithm such as Proof of Work (PoW) or Proof of Stake
(PoS), PoH can reduce messaging overhead in a Byzantine Fault Tol-
erant replicated state machine, resulting inn sub-second finality times.
This paper also proposes two algorithms that leverage the time keep-
ing properties of the PoH ledger - a PoS algorithm that can recover
from partitions of any size and an efficient streaming Proof of Replica-
tion (PoRep). The combination of PoRep and PoH provides a defense
against forgery of the ledger with respect to time (ordering) and stor-
age. The protocol is analyzed on a 1 gbps network, and this paper
shows that throughput up to 710k transactions per second is possible
with todays hardware.
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