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当今数字人体模型的应用和局限性.pdf
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当今数字人体模型的应用和局限性.pdf
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STO-MP-MSG-107 1 - 1
Applications and Limitations of Today’s Digital Human Models
Thomas Alexander, Jessica Conradi, Jan Neuhöfer
Fraunhofer-FKIE
Neuenahrer Str. 20
D-53343 Wachtberg,
GERMANY
{Thomas.Alexander, Jessica.Conradi, Jan.Neuhoefer}@fkie.fraunhofer.de
ABSTRACT
In several domains, Digital Human Models have matured from pure research topics to software packages
which are applicable in today’s life. Success stories can be found for anthropometric and biomechanical
models, which have been successfully integrated into the product and production development cycles. Other
successful applications can be found for animated, computer-generated figures or human behavior models
within computer games. But despite these tremendous and successful developments, other areas of human
behavior modeling have not evolved to the same extend and are still similar to early activities in this field,
e.g. as they were described by NATO IST-029 on Intelligent Agents in Virtual Reality (2003).
This paper touches the different areas and domains of Digital Human Models and Behavior Models, and
their implementations. In an actual proof-of-concept study, human performance models were used to
capture, model and simulate a military infantry operation for a prognostic estimation of the effect of
additional equipment on military performance. The experiment was carried out cooperatively with the
Infantry School of the Armed Forces and showed the general applicability of the approach. On a lower level,
anthropometric Digital Human Models can be applied for the technical design of future personal
equipments. The results from a validation and verification study carried out at our institute put this into
perspective and show the limitations of this approach. Finally, DHMs were used to populate a Virtual
Simulation so that detailed case studies could be carried out.
These proof-of-concept studies provided input for a more comprehensive digital human model. The need for
interface definition between different types of models was one of the lessons-learned. Some of them are
described in this short paper.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The application field of digital human models (DHMs) is manifold. It reaches from the design of new
products and workplaces to applications of computer-generated forces (CGF) in training environments.
Therefore, different DHMs can be applied throughout the whole lifecycle of a new system, including design,
production, maintenance and training. It is obvious that this broad span cannot be handled by a single DHM
only – DHMs are still models and no replica of human operators. Instead, diverse DHMs will be required
which all have their special application target. In the following, examples of different types of DHMs will be
described. They will be grouped by their main application field: constructive and virtual simulation. Because
of the broad functionality and applicability, this separation is rather vague. Several performance or cognitive
models are also used to control CGF in virtual simulations and vice versa.
1.1 DHMs in constructive simulation
When talking about DHMs, most people refer to anthropometric and biomechanic human models. These
models focus on the inclusion of human body dimensions, movements, and maximum strength into the
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