Overview of GIS Tools for Digital Humanities 数字人文 GIS 工具概述.pdf
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CCBY‐NC‐SA–KenIrwin,WittenbergUniversity,February2018
OverviewofGISToolsforDigitalHumanities
Majormappingprojectsoftware
Manydigitalhumanitiesprojectsusemapstodiscoverorrevealfeaturesofthematerialbeingstudied.
Acollectionofmaterialsmightbemappedaccordingtowheretheworkswereproduced,orthe
locationsdescribedinapieceofliterature.Different categoriesofinformationmayappeartogetheron
thesamemap,color
‐codedtorevealclustersofrelatedoccurrencesovertime.Unlikeprintedma ps,
digitalmapsoffertheoppo rtunityforinteraction–panningandzoomingtonavigatethemap,clicking
itemstorevealmoreinformationina“tooltip”,orshowing/hidingfacetsofinformationaccordingto
theuser’sdesires.Mappingismost
easilyaccomplishedusingfreelyavailableonlinemapsofthe
contemporaryworld(e.g.GoogleMaps,OpenMaps,etc.),butthescholarisnotlimitedtoviewsofthe
modernworld.Agrowingbodyofhistoricalmapsareavailableforconnectingtogeographicinformation
systems(GIS).
Yourmappeddatacancomefromseveral
places.VariousGISproductscan placemappointsbasedon
streetaddresses,zipcodes,latitude/longitude,orotherdesignations.Youmayhaveaspreadsheetof
entries,withcolumnsfordifferentdatafeaturesincludingmappablepoints(e.g.name:VirginiaWoolf;
image_url:https://tinyurl.com/vwimg;latitude:50.8387;longitude:0.0165).YoucanuseGISsoftware
toaddordrawpoints,lines,orshapesdirectlyintoamap.Youcanimportpathsfromphoneappssuch
asMapMyRunorAllTrails.Youcanalsoworkwithawidearrayofpre‐existingdatacompiledbyothers,
includingallofthetypesofdatamentionabove.Anyorall
ofthesemaybebroughtimportedintoor
createddirectlyinmappingprojectsoftware,dependingonthesoftware’sfeatures.
Often,GISsoftwarewillsupportmultiple“layers”ofdata,akintovisuallayersinPhotoshop,whereeach
layercanbevisibleorinvisibleattheuser’sdiscretion,allowingtheuserto
selectwhatkindsof
informationtosee.Forexample,ifyouwerestudyinginterdisciplinaryconnectionsineighteenth‐
centuryVienna,youmighthaveonedatalayerrepresentingthehomesofcomposers,anotherforpoets,
anotherforphilosophers,oneforartspatrons,andanotherforcoffeehouses.Turninglayersonandoff
can
helptheuserfocusonparticularco‐locations ofinterestwithoutclutteringthefieldwithextraneous
information.
Thefollowingaresomecommonsoftwarepackagesusedfordigitalhumanitiesprojects.Thefinalpage
offersacomparisonoffeaturesfromthesesoftwarepackages.
ArcGISOnline‐http://www.arcgis.com
TheCadillacofmappingsoftware,includingonlineanddesktopmappingtools.Requiresamonthly
subscriptionafterathreeweektrial.Theirsmart‐mappingfeaturesmakeitrelativelyeasytocreate
meaningful,high‐qualitymapsfromlargedatasets.Automaticdetectionofcity‐and‐statetype
informationmakesiteasytouse
whatevergeo‐datayourdatacomesin.TheLivingAtlasfeaturemakes
itsimpletoincludemaplayers reflectingpre‐existingdatasetssuchasagedemographics,mediaincome
levels,povertyrates,elevation,wildfirehazard,soilerosionandmyriadotherfactors.Canbesharedasa
mapembeddedinaweb
pagewithvaryingdegreesofusercontrols.Tooltipsmayincludeanyorallof
theinformationinatablerow,aswellaschartsgeneratedfromthatinformation.
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