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SCons是一个基于Python的软件构建工具，它提供了一种简单、灵活且可扩展的方式来自动化编译过程。与传统的构建工具如Make相比，SCons通过定义一个可配置的脚本来控制编译过程，这使得它在多平台和复杂项目构建中表现出色。文档标题“scons-user.pdf”表明这是一份面向用户的指南，旨在帮助读者快速入门使用SCons。从描述中我们可以得知，SCons正逐渐流行起来，并有可能取代传统的Make构建工具。此外，文档提到了CMake，这是另一个流行的构建工具，通常与SCons相提并论。在文档的标签“SCONS用户说明”中，我们可以推断，该文档的目的是为了向用户提供关于如何使用SCons的详细说明和指导。考虑到“SCONS3.1.1”出现在部分内容中，我们可以推测这是该构建工具的一个具体版本号，用户在阅读该文档时应当参照相应版本的特性来进行构建操作。从部分内容中可以看出，SCons涉及到的具体构建过程包含了许多与图形和地图渲染相关的组件。例如，“./plugins/input/raster”和“./plugins/input/shape”目录下的文件涉及到了栅格数据和矢量数据的处理。这些文件包括但不限于“raster_info.os”、“raster_datasource.os”、“raster_featureset.os”、“shape_index_featureset.os”、“shape_io.os”以及“shape_featureset.os”，它们显然是负责处理栅格和矢量数据的输入插件。这暗示了SCons支持丰富的数据类型和灵活的输入插件，使得它能够处理各种复杂的数据源。此外，“./src”目录下包含了一系列与图形渲染相关的库和工具。比如，“png_reader.os”、“wkb.os”、“map.os”、“graphics.os”、“text_symbolizer.os”、“point_symbolizer.os”、“scale_denominator.os”、“envelope.os”、“font_engine_freetype.os”、“image_util.os”、“plugin.os”、“layer.os”和“proj_transform.os”，它们分别处理PNG图片读取、几何数据格式、地图操作、图形渲染、文本符号化、点符号化、比例尺计算、边框计算、字体渲染、图像处理、插件管理、图层操作和投影变换。这些组件的命名表明了它们在地图渲染和符号化过程中所扮演的角色。更进一步，“agg”相关的文件如“agg_trans_double_path.o”、“agg_sqrt_tables.o”、“agg_vpgen_clip_polygon.o”、“agg_arrowhead.o”、“agg_gsv_text.o”、“agg_bspline.o”、“agg_vcgen_dash.o”、“agg_bezier_arc.o”和“agg_vcgen_contour.o”属于Antigrain Geometry（AGG）库的组件。AGG是一个2D图形渲染库，它被SCons用于高质量的图形渲染。文档提到的“agg_trans_single_path.o”、“agg_trans_warp_magnifier.o”、“agg_vpgen_clip_polyline.o”以及“agg_embedded_raster_fonts.o”等进一步强调了AGG在SCons中的重要性。文档还涉及到了Python绑定，例如“bindings/python/mapnik_raster_symbolizer.os”、“bindings/python/mapnik_text_symbolizer.os”、“bindings/python/mapnik_color.os”、“bindings/python/mapnik_query.os”、“bindings/python/mapnik_stroke.os”、“bindings/python/mapnik_style.os”和“bindings/python/mapnik_featureset.os”等。这说明SCons支持Python脚本作为构建脚本，并且具有强大的API，允许用户通过Python语言与SCons构建系统进行交互。总结来说，这份文档覆盖了SCons在图形和地图渲染项目中的应用，展示了SCons如何通过众多的插件和组件来处理复杂的构建过程。文档详细说明了SCons的灵活性和它在处理不同输入数据类型时的能力。同时，通过Python绑定的提及，也显示了SCons作为构建工具的现代化和高级特性。对于希望深入学习和掌握SCons的用户，这份指南无疑是一个宝贵的资源。

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./src/agg_renderer.os

./agg/src

./src/graphics.os

./src/font_set.os

./agg/src/agg_vcgen_markers_term.o

./src/params.os

./agg/src/agg_image_filters.o

./bindings/python/mapnik_symbolizer.os

./src/memory.os

./bindings/python/mapnik_font_engine.os

./plugins/input/shape/dbffile.os

./agg/src/agg_line_aa_basics.o

./src/save_map.os

./bindings/python/mapnik_view_transform.os

./src/color.os

./agg/libagg.a

./src/font_engine_freetype.os

./src/stroke.os

./bindings/python/mapnik_image.os

./src/image_util.os

./bindings/python/mapnik_datasource_cache.os

./agg/include

./bindings/python/mapnik_rule.os

./agg/src/agg_bezier_arc.o

./bindings/python/mapnik_featureset.os

./agg/src/agg_arc.o

./plugins/input/shape/shapefile.os

./plugins/input/raster/raster_datasource.os

./plugins/input/raster/raster_featureset.os

./src/unicode.os

./bindings/python/mapnik/ogcserver

./bindings/python/mapnik_map.os

./src/arrow.os

./plugins

./plugins/input/raster/raster.input

./agg/src/agg_vcgen_contour.o

./agg/src/agg_trans_warp_magnifier.o

./bindings/python/mapnik_datasource.os

./plugins/input/shape/shape_featureset.os

./src/load_map.os

./bindings/python/mapnik_point_symbolizer.os

./src/line_pattern_symbolizer.os

./bindings/python/mapnik

./plugins/input/raster

./src/map.os

./src/wkb.os

./agg/src/agg_vcgen_stroke.o

./agg/src/agg_gsv_text.o

./plugins/input/shape/shape.os

./bindings

./src

./bindings/python/mapnik_filter.os

./agg/src/agg_vcgen_bspline.o

./bindings/python/mapnik_coord.os

./src/envelope.os

./agg/src/agg_vpgen_segmentator.o

./bindings/python/mapnik_layer.os

./bindings/python/mapnik_line_symbolizer.os

./src/shield_symbolizer.os

./agg/src/agg_trans_double_path.o

./src/projection.os

./src/tiff_reader.os

./bindings/python/mapnik_proj_transform.os

./bindings/python/mapnik_style.os

./bindings/python/mapnik_shield_symbolizer.os

./src/image_reader.os

./agg/src/agg_bspline.o

./agg/src/agg_trans_single_path.o

./plugins/input/raster/raster_info.os

./agg/src/agg_vcgen_dash.o

./bindings/python/mapnik_projection.os

./bindings/python/mapnik_image_view.os

./src/distance.os

./src/datasource_cache.os

./bindings/python/mapnik_parameters.os

./src/plugin.os

./agg/src/agg_arrowhead.o

./bindings/python/mapnik_feature.os

./agg/src/agg_embedded_raster_fonts.o

./src/libmapnik.so

./src/placement_finder.os

./agg/src/agg_sqrt_tables.o

./agg/src/agg_vpgen_clip_polyline.o

./bindings/python/mapnik_raster_symbolizer.os

./agg/src/agg_line_profile_aa.o

./bindings/python/mapnik_line_pattern_symbolizer.os

./bindings/python/mapnik_color.os

./src/proj_transform.os

./src/memory_datasource.os

./plugins/input

./bindings/python/mapnik_python.os

./src/png_reader.os

./bindings/python/mapnik_envelope.os

./bindings/python/mapnik_stroke.os

./plugins/input/shape/shape.input

./bindings/python/mapnik_query.os

./src/point_symbolizer.os

./src/filter_factory.os

./bindings/python/mapnik_polygon_symbolizer.os

./agg/src/agg_vcgen_smooth_poly1.o

./plugins/input/shape/shape_index_featureset.os

./bindings/python/python_cairo.os

./src/symbolizer.os

./bindings/python/_mapnik.so

./agg/src/agg_trans_affine.o

./src/polygon_pattern_symbolizer.os

./bindings/python/mapnik_polygon_pattern_symbolizer.os

./agg/src/agg_curves.o

./src/text_symbolizer.os

./src/scale_denominator.os

./plugins/input/shape/shape_io.os

./src/layer.os

./agg

./src/libxml2_loader.os

./agg/src/agg_vpgen_clip_polygon.o

./plugins/input/shape

./bindings/python/mapnik_geometry.os

./bindings/python/mapnik_text_symbolizer.os

./agg/src/agg_rounded_rect.o

./bindings/python

SCons 3.1.1

User Guide

Steven Knight and the SCons Development Team

Table of Contents

Preface ............................................................................................................................................. ix

1. SCons Principles .................................................................................................................... ix

2. A Caveat About This Guide's Completeness ................................................................................ ix

3. Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. x

4. Contact .................................................................................................................................. x

1. Building and Installing SCons ........................................................................................................... 1

1.1. Installing Python ................................................................................................................... 1

1.2. Installing SCons .................................................................................................................... 2

1.3. Building and Installing SCons on Any System ........................................................................... 2

1.3.1. Building and Installing Multiple Versions of SCons Side-by-Side ........................................ 3

1.3.2. Installing SCons in Other Locations ............................................................................... 3

1.3.3. Building and Installing SCons Without Administrative Privileges ........................................ 3

2. Simple Builds ................................................................................................................................. 4

2.1. Building Simple C / C++ Programs .......................................................................................... 4

2.2. Building Object Files ............................................................................................................. 5

2.3. Simple Java Builds ................................................................................................................ 5

2.4. Cleaning Up After a Build ..................................................................................................... 6

2.5. The SConstruct File ......................................................................................................... 7

2.5.1. SConstruct Files Are Python Scripts ......................................................................... 7

2.5.2. SCons Functions Are Order-Independent ........................................................................ 7

2.6. Making the SCons Output Less Verbose ................................................................................... 8

3. Less Simple Things to Do With Builds ............................................................................................... 9

3.1. Specifying the Name of the Target (Output) File ........................................................................ 9

3.2. Compiling Multiple Source Files ............................................................................................ 10

3.3. Making a list of files with Glob ........................................................................................... 10

3.4. Specifying Single Files Vs. Lists of Files ................................................................................ 11

3.5. Making Lists of Files Easier to Read ...................................................................................... 12

3.6. Keyword Arguments ............................................................................................................ 12

3.7. Compiling Multiple Programs ................................................................................................ 13

3.8. Sharing Source Files Between Multiple Programs ..................................................................... 13

3.9. Overriding construction variables when calling a Builder ............................................................ 14

4. Building and Linking with Libraries ................................................................................................. 15

4.1. Building Libraries ............................................................................................................... 15

4.1.1. Building Libraries From Source Code or Object Files ...................................................... 16

4.1.2. Building Static Libraries Explicitly: the StaticLibrary Builder ................................... 16

4.1.3. Building Shared (DLL) Libraries: the SharedLibrary Builder ...................................... 16

4.2. Linking with Libraries .......................................................................................................... 17

4.3. Finding Libraries: the $LIBPATH Construction Variable ........................................................... 18

5. Node Objects ................................................................................................................................ 19

5.1. Builder Methods Return Lists of Target Nodes ......................................................................... 19

5.2. Explicitly Creating File and Directory Nodes ........................................................................... 20

5.3. Printing Node File Names .................................................................................................... 20

5.4. Using a Node's File Name as a String .................................................................................... 21

5.5. GetBuildPath: Getting the Path From a Node or String ........................................................ 21

6. Dependencies ................................................................................................................................ 23

6.1. Deciding When an Input File Has Changed: the Decider Function ............................................ 23

6.1.1. Using MD5 Signatures to Decide if a File Has Changed .................................................. 24

6.1.2. Using Time Stamps to Decide If a File Has Changed ...................................................... 25

6.1.3. Deciding If a File Has Changed Using Both MD Signatures and Time Stamps ...................... 26

6.1.4. Writing Your Own Custom Decider Function ............................................................. 26

6.1.5. Mixing Different Ways of Deciding If a File Has Changed ............................................... 28

iii

6.2. Older Functions for Deciding When an Input File Has Changed ................................................... 29

6.2.1. The SourceSignatures Function ........................................................................... 29

6.2.2. The TargetSignatures Function ........................................................................... 29

6.3. Implicit Dependencies: The $CPPPATH Construction Variable .................................................... 30

6.4. Caching Implicit Dependencies .............................................................................................. 31

6.4.1. The --implicit-deps-changed Option ............................................................... 32

6.4.2. The --implicit-deps-unchanged Option ............................................................ 32

6.5. Explicit Dependencies: the Depends Function ........................................................................ 33

6.6. Dependencies From External Files: the ParseDepends Function .............................................. 34

6.7. Ignoring Dependencies: the Ignore Function ......................................................................... 35

6.8. Order-Only Dependencies: the Requires Function ................................................................. 36

6.9. The AlwaysBuild Function ............................................................................................... 38

7. Environments ................................................................................................................................ 39

7.1. Using Values From the External Environment .......................................................................... 40

7.2. Construction Environments ................................................................................................... 40

7.2.1. Creating a Construction Environment: the Environment Function ...................... 40

7.2.2. Fetching Values From a Construction Environment ............................................ 41

7.2.3. Expanding Values From a Construction Environment: the subst Method .............. 42

7.2.4. Handling Problems With Value Expansion .................................................................... 42

7.2.5. Controlling the Default Construction Environment: the DefaultEnvironment

Function ........................................................................................................................... 43

7.2.6. Multiple Construction Environments ............................................................... 44

7.2.7. Making Copies of Construction Environments: the Clone Method ....................... 45

7.2.8. Replacing Values: the Replace Method ...................................................................... 46

7.2.9. Setting Values Only If They're Not Already Defined: the SetDefault Method .................. 47

7.2.10. Appending to the End of Values: the Append Method .................................................. 47

7.2.11. Appending Unique Values: the AppendUnique Method .............................................. 48

7.2.12. Appending to the Beginning of Values: the Prepend Method ........................................ 48

7.2.13. Prepending Unique Values: the PrependUnique Method ............................................ 49

7.3. Controlling the Execution Environment for Issued Commands ..................................................... 49

7.3.1. Propagating PATH From the External Environment ......................................................... 50

7.3.2. Adding to PATH Values in the Execution Environment .................................................... 50

7.4. Using the toolpath for external Tools ...................................................................................... 51

7.4.1. The default tool search path ........................................................................................ 51

7.4.2. Providing an external directory to toolpath .................................................................... 51

7.4.3. Nested Tools within a toolpath .................................................................................... 52

7.4.4. Using sys.path within the toolpath ............................................................................... 52

7.4.5. Using the PyPackageDir function to add to the toolpath .............................................. 53

8. Automatically Putting Command-line Options into their Construction Variables ........................................ 54

8.1. Merging Options into the Environment: the MergeFlags Function ............................................ 54

8.2. Separating Compile Arguments into their Variables: the ParseFlags Function ............................ 55

8.3. Finding Installed Library Information: the ParseConfig Function ............................................ 57

9. Controlling Build Output ................................................................................................................. 59

9.1. Providing Build Help: the Help Function ............................................................................... 59

9.2. Controlling How SCons Prints Build Commands: the $*COMSTR Variables .................................. 60

9.3. Providing Build Progress Output: the Progress Function ........................................................ 62

9.4. Printing Detailed Build Status: the GetBuildFailures Function ............................................ 63

10. Controlling a Build From the Command Line ................................................................................... 66

10.1. Command-Line Options ...................................................................................................... 66

10.1.1. Not Having to Specify Command-Line Options Each Time: the SCONSFLAGS Environ-

ment Variable ................................................................................................................... 66

10.1.2. Getting Values Set by Command-Line Options: the GetOption Function ........................ 67

10.1.3. Setting Values of Command-Line Options: the SetOption Function .............................. 67

10.1.4. Strings for Getting or Setting Values of SCons Command-Line Options ............................ 68

10.1.5. Adding Custom Command-Line Options: the AddOption Function ................................ 69

10.2. Command-Line variable=value Build Variables ............................................................... 70

10.2.1. Controlling Command-Line Build Variables ................................................................. 72

10.2.2. Providing Help for Command-Line Build Variables ....................................................... 72

10.2.3. Reading Build Variables From a File .......................................................................... 73

10.2.4. Pre-Defined Build Variable Functions ......................................................................... 74

10.2.5. Adding Multiple Command-Line Build Variables at Once .............................................. 79

10.2.6. Handling Unknown Command-Line Build Variables: the UnknownVariables Func-

tion ................................................................................................................................. 80

10.3. Command-Line Targets ...................................................................................................... 81

10.3.1. Fetching Command-Line Targets: the COMMAND_LINE_TARGETS Variable ..................... 81

10.3.2. Controlling the Default Targets: the Default Function ................................................ 81

10.3.3. Fetching the List of Build Targets, Regardless of Origin: the BUILD_TARGETS Vari-

able ................................................................................................................................. 84

11. Installing Files in Other Directories: the Install Builder ................................................................. 86

11.1. Installing Multiple Files in a Directory .................................................................................. 87

11.2. Installing a File Under a Different Name ............................................................................... 87

11.3. Installing Multiple Files Under Different Names ..................................................................... 88

12. Platform-Independent File System Manipulation ................................................................................ 89

12.1. Copying Files or Directories: The Copy Factory ..................................................................... 89

12.2. Deleting Files or Directories: The Delete Factory ................................................................. 90

12.3. Moving (Renaming) Files or Directories: The Move Factory ..................................................... 91

12.4. Updating the Modification Time of a File: The Touch Factory ................................................. 91

12.5. Creating a Directory: The Mkdir Factory ............................................................................. 92

12.6. Changing File or Directory Permissions: The Chmod Factory .................................................... 92

12.7. Executing an action immediately: the Execute Function ......................................................... 93

13. Controlling Removal of Targets ...................................................................................................... 94

13.1. Preventing target removal during build: the Precious Function ............................................... 94

13.2. Preventing target removal during clean: the NoClean Function ................................................. 94

13.3. Removing additional files during clean: the Clean Function .................................................... 95

14. Hierarchical Builds ....................................................................................................................... 96

14.1. SConscript Files ........................................................................................................... 96

14.2. Path Names Are Relative to the SConscript Directory ......................................................... 97

14.3. Top-Level Path Names in Subsidiary SConscript Files ........................................................ 97

14.4. Absolute Path Names ......................................................................................................... 98

14.5. Sharing Environments (and Other Variables) Between SConscript Files .................................. 98

14.5.1. Exporting Variables ................................................................................................. 99

14.5.2. Importing Variables ................................................................................................. 99

14.5.3. Returning Values From an SConscript File ........................................................... 100

15. Separating Source and Build Directories ......................................................................................... 102

15.1. Specifying a Variant Directory Tree as Part of an SConscript Call ....................................... 102

15.2. Why SCons Duplicates Source Files in a Variant Directory Tree .............................................. 103

15.3. Telling SCons to Not Duplicate Source Files in the Variant Directory Tree ................................. 103

15.4. The VariantDir Function .............................................................................................. 104

15.5. Using VariantDir With an SConscript File ................................................................. 104

15.6. Using Glob with VariantDir ........................................................................................ 105

16. Variant Builds ............................................................................................................................ 106

17. Internationalization and localization with gettext .............................................................................. 108

17.1. Prerequisites .................................................................................................................... 108

17.2. Simple project ................................................................................................................. 108

18. Writing Your Own Builders ......................................................................................................... 114

18.1. Writing Builders That Execute External Commands ............................................................... 114

18.2. Attaching a Builder to a Construction Environment ................................................... 114

18.3. Letting SCons Handle The File Suffixes .............................................................................. 116

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