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March 10, 2011 / Vol. 9, No. 3 / CHIN ES E OPTICS LETTERS 030602-1

Electronic compensator for 100-Gb/s PDM-CO-OFDM

long-haul transmission systems

Xuejun Liu (

444

ÆÆÆ

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)

1,2

, Yaojun Qiao (

zzz

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

)

, and Yuefeng Ji (

VVV

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)

1∗

Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, the Ministry of Education,

Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China

College of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China

∗

Corresponding author: jyf@bupt.edu.cn

Received September 29, 2010; accepted November 6, 2010; posted online February 21, 2011

We study an electronic compensator (EC) as a receiver for a 100-Gb/s polarization division multiplexing

coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (PDM-CO-OFDM) system without optical

dispersion compensation. EC, including electrical dispersion compensation (EDC), least squares chan-

nel estimation and compensation (LSCEC), and phase compensation (PC), is used to compensate for

chromatic dispersion (CD), phase noise, polarization mode dispersion (PMD), and channel impairments,

respectively. Simulations show that EC is highly effective in compensating for those impairments and

that the performance is close to the theoretical limitation of optical signal-to-noise rate (OSNR), CD, and

PMD. Its robustness against those transmission impairments and fiber nonlinearity are also sy stematically

studied.

OCIS codes: 060.4510, 060.1660, 060.2430.

doi: 10.3788/COL201109.030602.

Optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

(OFDM) has been a main research interest in recent

years

[1]

. Coherent optical OFDM (CO-OFDM) com-

bined with polarization division multiplexing (PDM) is

regarded as a promising technology for high-speed optical

transmission as it can provide powerful channel estima-

tion a nd comp e nsation capabilities and can also double

the spectra l efficiency of a tr ansmission system

[2]

. In

contrast with the conventional design, the CO-OFDM

systems do not use any dispers ion compensation fiber

[3]

;

thus, it is important to conduct research on the pe rfor-

mance of the PDM-CO- OFDM systems without optical

dispersion c ompensation (ODC).

Recently, many studies have focused on using electronic

compensators (ECs) at the receiver of CO-OFDM

[4−8]

The use of electronic signal processing to comp e ns ate for

chromatic dispersion (CD), phase noise, and polarization

mode dispersion (PMD) in optical transmission offers the

advantages of low cost, small size, reduced optical losses,

and adaptive ope ration. However, these studies did not

systematically conduct research on combining each com-

pens ation algorithm.

In this letter, we conduct simulation a nalysis on using

an EC at the receiver to compensate for CD, phase noise,

PMD, and channel impairments on a 100-Gb/s PMD-

CO-OFDM system; her e , EC includes electrical disper-

sion compensation (EDC), least squares channel estima-

tion and compensation (LSCEC), and phase compensa-

tion (PC). We systematically study EC against transmis-

sion impairments, and the numerical simulations show

that the EC is very effective in compensa ting for impair-

ments in systems.

Assuming a long-enough symbol period, the channel

model for the kth subcarrier in the ith symbol in PDM-

CO-OFDM systems is give n by

[9]

′

= e

jφ

(k)

· e

jφ

· H

· t

+ n

, (1)

′x

′y

= e

jφ

· e

jφk

(k) h

(k)

(k) h

(k)

, (2)

where t

= (t

)

and r

= (r

′x

′y

)

are the trans-

mitted and received information symbols, respectively, in

the form of the Jones vector for the kth subcarrier in the

ith OFDM symbol; n

= (n

)

is the noise including

two polarization components. A multiple-input Multiple-

output (MIMO) model essentially relates the two out-

puts, r

′x

and r

′y

, to the two inputs, t

and t

[9]

. H

is the 2×2 Jones matrix for the fiber link representing

the linear channel effects, and φ

is the OFDM symbol

phase noise owing to the phase noises from the lasers and

radio fre quency (RF) local oscillators (LOs) at both the

transmitter and receiver

[10]

, w hich is usually dominated

by the laser linewidth. φ

) is the phase dispersion

owing to the fiber CD

[10]

given by

) =

π · c

· f

, (3)

where f

is the frequency of the optical carrier, c is

the speed of light (m/s), D

is the total accumulated

CD in units of ps/nm, and f

is the frequency for the

kth subcarrier. To compensate for channel impairments

in the PDM-CO-OFDM systems without ODC, the EC

is located after fast Fourier transform (FFT) in the re-

ceiver and includes three parts, namely, EDC, LSCEC,

and PC, that are used to estimate φ

), H

, and φ

respectively. T he location of EC is s hown in Fig. 1, and

the setup is shown in Fig. 2.

1671-7694/2011/030602(5)

 2011 Chinese Optics Letters

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