<img src="http://snapkit.io/images/banner.jpg" alt="" />
SnapKit is a DSL to make Auto Layout easy on both iOS and OS X.
[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/SnapKit/SnapKit.svg)](https://travis-ci.org/SnapKit/SnapKit)
[![Platform](https://img.shields.io/cocoapods/p/SnapKit.svg?style=flat)](https://github.com/SnapKit/SnapKit)
[![Cocoapods Compatible](https://img.shields.io/cocoapods/v/SnapKit.svg)](https://cocoapods.org/pods/SnapKit)
[![Carthage compatible](https://img.shields.io/badge/Carthage-compatible-4BC51D.svg?style=flat)](https://github.com/Carthage/Carthage)
#### ⚠️ **To use with Swift 4.x please ensure you are using >= 4.0.0** ⚠️
#### ⚠️ **To use with Swift 5.x please ensure you are using >= 5.0.0** ⚠️
## Contents
- [Requirements](#requirements)
- [Migration Guides](#migration-guides)
- [Communication](#communication)
- [Installation](#installation)
- [Usage](#usage)
- [Credits](#credits)
- [License](#license)
## Requirements
- iOS 10.0+ / Mac OS X 10.12+ / tvOS 10.0+
- Xcode 10.0+
- Swift 4.0+
## Communication
- If you **need help**, use [Stack Overflow](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/snapkit). (Tag 'snapkit')
- If you'd like to **ask a general question**, use [Stack Overflow](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/snapkit).
- If you **found a bug**, open an issue.
- If you **have a feature request**, open an issue.
- If you **want to contribute**, submit a pull request.
## Installation
### CocoaPods
[CocoaPods](http://cocoapods.org) is a dependency manager for Cocoa projects. You can install it with the following command:
```bash
$ gem install cocoapods
```
> CocoaPods 1.1.0+ is required to build SnapKit 4.0.0+.
To integrate SnapKit into your Xcode project using CocoaPods, specify it in your `Podfile`:
```ruby
source 'https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git'
platform :ios, '10.0'
use_frameworks!
target '<Your Target Name>' do
pod 'SnapKit', '~> 5.0.0'
end
```
Then, run the following command:
```bash
$ pod install
```
### Carthage
[Carthage](https://github.com/Carthage/Carthage) is a decentralized dependency manager that builds your dependencies and provides you with binary frameworks.
You can install Carthage with [Homebrew](http://brew.sh/) using the following command:
```bash
$ brew update
$ brew install carthage
```
To integrate SnapKit into your Xcode project using Carthage, specify it in your `Cartfile`:
```ogdl
github "SnapKit/SnapKit" ~> 5.0.0
```
Run `carthage update` to build the framework and drag the built `SnapKit.framework` into your Xcode project.
### Manually
If you prefer not to use either of the aforementioned dependency managers, you can integrate SnapKit into your project manually.
---
## Usage
### Quick Start
```swift
import SnapKit
class MyViewController: UIViewController {
lazy var box = UIView()
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
self.view.addSubview(box)
box.snp.makeConstraints { (make) -> Void in
make.width.height.equalTo(50)
make.center.equalTo(self.view)
}
}
}
```
### Playground
You can try SnapKit in Playground.
**Note:**
> To try SnapKit in playground, open `SnapKit.xcworkspace` and build SnapKit.framework for any simulator first.
### Resources
- [Documentation](http://snapkit.io/docs/)
- [F.A.Q.](http://snapkit.io/faq/)
## Credits
- Robert Payne ([@robertjpayne](https://twitter.com/robertjpayne))
- Many other contributors
## License
SnapKit is released under the MIT license. See LICENSE for details.
(Swift)闭包作为方法参数
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更新于2022-06-18
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在Swift编程语言中,闭包(Closure)是一种强大的特性,它可以捕获并存储上下文中的变量,同时可以作为参数传递给函数或者作为函数的返回值。闭包在Swift中的广泛应用,使得代码更加简洁、易读,尤其在处理异步操作、函数式编程以及数据过滤和映射等场景下。本文将深入探讨如何将闭包作为方法参数来使用。
一、闭包的基本概念
闭包是一种自包含的代码块,它可以捕获和存储其定义时所在作用域内的常量和变量,即使这些常量和变量在其所在的上下文已经不再存在。闭包可以有名字,但通常在作为参数传递时,我们会使用匿名闭包,即没有名字的闭包。
二、闭包的语法
Swift的闭包语法如下:
```swift
{ (parameters) -> returnType in
// closure body
}
```
这里的`parameters`是闭包接受的输入,`returnType`是闭包返回的类型,`in`关键字后面是闭包执行的代码块。
三、闭包作为方法参数
1. **闭包类型**
在Swift中,闭包可以被定义为一个类型,这使得我们可以声明函数参数为闭包类型。例如:
```swift
func applyOperation(op: (Int, Int) -> Int, toNumber number: Int) -> Int {
return op(number, number)
}
```
这里`op`就是一个闭包参数,它接受两个`Int`类型的参数,并返回一个`Int`。
2. **闭包表达式**
当闭包作为参数传递时,我们通常使用闭包表达式,这是一种更简洁的写法。例如:
```swift
applyOperation { $0 + $1 } toNumber: 5
```
上述调用中,我们直接将闭包表达式`{ $0 + $1 }`作为参数传递,它代表了加法操作。
3. **闭包的自动类型推断**
Swift可以自动推断闭包的参数和返回类型,因此在某些情况下,我们可以省略类型声明。例如:
```swift
func multiplyNumbersUsingClosure(closure: (Int, Int) -> Int) {
print(closure(3, 4))
}
multiplyNumbersUsingClosure { $0 * $1 } // 自动推断出闭包类型
```
4. **闭包的惰性求值(Lazy Capture)**
闭包可以捕获并存储对周围环境的引用,这意味着即使该环境已不存在,闭包仍能访问这些值。这就是所谓的“惰性捕获”,在多线程或异步编程中非常有用。
5. **闭包参数的capture lists**
在闭包中,我们可以使用capture lists来决定捕获外部变量的方式,例如强引用、弱引用或无主引用,以防止循环引用问题。
6. **闭包与块类型(Block Type)的区别**
Swift中的闭包与C或Objective-C中的Block类似,但更强大。Block是Objective-C中的概念,而Swift的闭包具有更丰富的功能,如自动类型推断、惰性捕获等。
总结来说,闭包作为方法参数是Swift中一种重要的编程模式,它使得函数更加灵活,能够处理各种复杂的情况。通过理解和熟练运用闭包,开发者可以编写出高效、简洁且易于理解的代码。在实际开发中,闭包常用于处理排序、过滤、映射等操作,以及在异步任务中传递回调。
冯汉栩
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