A Novel Synthesis Method for Millimeter-Wave
Antenna with Contoured-Beam at Near-Field Region
Gang Xu
*1
, Rong Zeng
*
, Shitao Chen
+
, Meiyou Shi
+
,Chuan Yu
+
*
Institute of Electronic Engineering, China Academy of Engineer Physics, Mianyang, China
1
xugangthu@163.com
+
Institute of Applied Electronics, China Academy of Engineer Physics, Mianyang, China
Abstract—The paper proposed a new method to synthesis
circular aperture mm-wave antennas with contoured beam wave
in near-field. With derivation on the near-field integral calculus
formula of circular aperture antennas, we provided a novel
algorithm to transform aperture distribution to axis distribution
back and forth
using fast Fourier transform(FFT) technology.
Referring to the Phase-Only method widely used in far-field
pattern synthesis, a method to synthesis circular aperture
antennas with contoured near-field beam
wave was given. To
verify the proposed synthesis method, a circular reflector
antenna with diameter of 1.2m and works at frequency of 95GHz
was synthesized, an uniform beam wave with quasi-constant
power density and beam radius at distance range from 25 m to
100 m was obtained
in the near-field, the relative difference is
below 10%. At last a reflector with diameter of 0.3m was
designed and tested, the tested results is fit well with simulated
results.
Keywords—Millimeter-wave antenna; near-field; shaped beam
wave; physical optics; iterative synthesis
I. INTRODUCTION
Millimeter wave antennas is the one of the key components in
high power millimeter-wave radiation system, it play a role of
converter which converts the millimeter-wave in fed line to
the free space with expected pattern, which means that the
radiated field distributions in the near-field and far-field
entirely depend on the geometer of the antenna. In some
applications of the high power millimeter, such as millimeter-
wave Active Denial System(ADS)[1]–[4] and plasma heating
in International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor(ITER)
project[5], or in Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)[6]–
[10], users expect to create uniform beam or countered area in
near-field of the antenna, especially for the ADS system, the
currently used reflector antennas were focused at property
distances from the antenna, to obtain further effective distance
than uniform phase aperture, however, the power density
distribution of the high power millimeter wave beam is
oscillated intensely along the z-axis in the near-field (also
called Fresnel zone), it means that the denial targets are very
easy to be severely burned at the peak power distance or the
ADS will lose effect at the trough power distance. Therefore,
users expect to well synthesis the aperture of the millimeter
reflector, so as to obtain high power millimeter wave beams
with uniform power density and beam radius along the axis.
With the rapidly development of the RFID technology,
researchers payed more and more attentions to the method for
synthesis contoured near-field beams of the transmit antenna
array[11]–[17]. The team of H. T.
Chou proposed a efficient
method to synthesis contoured zone in near-field of RFID
antenna array with 13×13 elements, in their method, the near-
field was considered as the weighted summation of the basis
function of each antenna element, then solved the amplitudes
and phases of each element by Maximum likelihood sequence
estimation (MLSE) or steepest decent method(SDM)
technique, so as to obtain contoured areas in near-field of the
RFID antenna array[7],[10],[13]. However, the Chou’s
synthesis method is more suitable for synthesis of arrays with
less elements, but difficult for synthesizing electrically large
aperture antenna, such as millimeter-wave reflector antenna.
As it is also unsuitable to optimized the electrically large
aperture antenna with full electro-magnetic simulation, we
proposed a efficient synthesis method for electrically large
circular aperture antenna with contoured beams in the near-
field.
This paper was organized as following. Section II
introduced the physical optics(PO) theory on near-field
distribution of circular aperture antenna. Then a novel
transform equation was derived from near-field integral
formula, the derived equation made it is passable to transform
back and forth between aperture distribution and axis field
using fast Fourier transform(FFT)
technique. In Section II, the
proposed synthesis method was conducted. A design example
of a reflector antenna works at frequency of 95GHz with
uniform beam was conducted to demonstrate the proposed
synthesis method. This paper is concluded in Section VI.
II.
NEAR-FIELD DISTRIBUTION OF CIRCULAR APERTURE
ANTENNAS
According to the PO theory, the radiated field pattern of a
reflector antenna entirely depends on the aperture field
distribution, including magnitude and phase[18],[19].
Radiated field at the observe point
r
is expressed by the
integer formula of the aperture field,
The work is supported by NSFC Grand Project㸦61501416㸧.
†
†
978-2-87487-047-7 © 2017 EuMA 10–12 Oct 2017, Nuremberg, Germany
Proceedings of the 47th European Microwave Conference
264