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基于 GIS 和模糊综合评判的矿山地质环境
影响评价
李鑫
1
,卢玉东
1
,张金月
2**
作者简介:李鑫(1989-),男,硕士。从事水文水资源、环境地质方向的研究
通信联系人:卢玉东(1969-),男,教授,博导。主要从事流域水资源、环境地质及水文生态方面的研究.
E-mail: luyudongphd@163.com
(1. 长安大学 环境科学与工程学院,西安 710054; 5
2. 黑龙江省水文地质工程地质勘察院,哈尔滨 150030)
摘要:以青海省东部大通河上游的江仓煤矿四井田为例,将影响矿山地质环境质量的主要矿
山地质环境要素概括为自然因子和人为因子两大类,选取 13 个评价因子,建立了矿山地质
环境影响程度三级评价指标体系。在 GIS 支持下,建立影响程度评价因子数据库。利用 GIS10
空间分析功能,结合三级模糊综合评判方法对矿山地质环境影响程度进行了综合评价,得到
矿山地质环境影响程度分区结果。84 个评价单元中,为矿山地质环境影响程度一般区的 43
个、较严重区的 38 个、严重区的 3 个,与客观实际相符,并结合井田实际情况提出了合适
的恢复治理措施建议,为进一步保护与恢复治理提供了依据。
关键词:青海省高寒区;矿山地质环境;GIS 空间分析;三级模糊综合评价 ;治理措施 15
中图分类号:X43
Assessment of Mine Geological Environment Impact Based
on GIS and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation
Li Xin
1
, Lu Yudong
1
, Zhang Jinyue
2
20
(1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054,China;
2. Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology Exploration Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin
150030, China)
Abstract: This paper takes the 4th mine of Jiangcang coal mine as an example, which lies in the
upstream of the Datong river in East of Qinghai Province. The main mine geological elements 25
which affect the quality of mine geological environment are summarized into two categories:
natural factor and human factor. In order to realize the quantification of a few influent factors and
evaluating factors as soon as possible, the evaluating factors are divided into 3 grades and 13
evaluating factors, and then the impact assessment system evaluating the mine geological
environment is established. Under the support of GIS, we establish a database of evaluating 30
factors about impact degree. Using the spatial grid overlay analysis function of GIS and
three-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to assess synthetically the influence degree of mining
geological environment, we obtain the classification map of evaluation of mine geological
environment impact degree assessment。It shows that three are 43 general impacted areas,38 less
seriously impacted areas and 3 seriously impacted areas among 84 assessment units,and which 35
corresponds with the reality of study area。Combined with the above result and actual situations of
the mine,we put forward some appropriate measures and proposals on mining recovery and
management,as well as provides basic foundations for further steps.
Key words: The Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Province; Geological Environment of Mining;
Geographic Information System Spatial Analysis; Three-fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation; 40
Management Measures
0 引言
矿产资源的开发利用,产生了各类的矿山地质环境问题
[1]
。随着矿山地质环境调查与
评估的进行,矿山地质环境影响评价成为研究热点
[2]
。众多学者提出了矿山环境的综合评