The capability of the parameters derived from waveform data in discriminating objects is assessed and the effect of the relative calibration of full-waveform data in discriminating land-cover classes is evaluated. Firstly, a non-linear least-squares method with the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm is used to fit the return waveforms by a Gaussian function. Gaussian amplitude, standard deviation, and energy are extracted. Secondly, a relative calibration method using the range between the sensor and
