第 38 卷 第 11 期
2004 年 11 月
西 安 交 通 大 学 学 报
JOURNAL OF XI′AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY
Vol .38 №11
Nov .2004
圆 柱 齿 轮 冷 精 锻 数 值 模 拟 及 其 轮 齿 修 形 规 律
刘 华
1
, 席庆坡
2
, 霍艳军
2
, 孙红星
2
, 张燮昌
2
, 李元洪
2
, 刘百宣
2
, 陈金德
1
(1 .西安交通大学机械工程学院, 710049, 西安; 2 .郑州机械研究所, 450052, 郑州)
摘要: 建立了黑色金属直齿圆柱齿轮冷精锻的有限元模型 .采用有限元数值模拟和试验研究相结合的方 法
对直齿圆柱齿轮冷精锻过程中轮齿尺寸的变化进行了研究,获得影响冷精锻轮齿精度的 2 个主要因素是:冷
锻时模具弹性膨胀和齿轮出模后的弹性回复,其中模具弹性膨胀是影响 齿形精度的最主要因 素 .在冷精 锻
时,模具齿形变化可视为径向膨胀,越靠近齿顶变形量越小,根据数值模拟轮齿修形结果,分别绘制出了冷精
锻时模具膨胀和工件弹性回复后的齿形曲线 .采用实际 制造出的冷精锻模具,对 45 # 钢进行了成批量的冷
精锻,锻出的齿轮精度等级达到了 GB/ T10095.12001/ 7 级,其试验结果与数值模拟吻合较好 .
关键词: 直齿圆柱齿轮;冷精锻;弹性变形;轮齿修形;数值模拟
中图分类号: TG375. 41 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 0253987X(2004)11118605
Numerical Simulation to Mold Modification of Cold
Precision Forging of Spur Gear
Liu H ua
1
, Xi Qingpo
2
, H uo Yanjun
2
, S un Hong xing
2
, Zhang X iechang
2
,
Li Yuanhong
2
, Liu Baixuan
2
, Chen J inde
1
(1 .School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi′an Jiaotong U niversity, Xi′an 710049, China; 2 .Zhengzhou
Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Zhengzhou 450052, China)
Abstract: Finite element model of cold-forging precision process for cylindrical spur gear with ferrous met-
al was established .A numerical simulation associated with the experiments was adopted to investigate gear
tooth surface dimension for cold-forging precision process of the cylindrical spur gear with ferrous metal .
The results show that the elastic expansion of the mould and the elastic recovery of gear after mould unloa-
ding have a remarkable influence on the dimension of the gear tooth surface, and the former is dominant
during the procedure . T he variation of the gear tooth dimension in the gear cold-forging process is mainly
considered as the radial expansion, and the variation appears slightly at the of top gear tooth . The gear
tooth shape curves during the mould expansion and the gear elastic recovery were plotted respectively .Ac-
cording to the modified value, the cold forging precision mould for the cylindrical spur gear with 45 # mild
steel was manufactured practically, and the gears were forged in batches, whose accuracy can meet the re-
quirements of GB/ T10095. 12001/ 7 precision class .
Keywords: cylindrical spur gears; cold precision f orging; elastic f orming; gear tooth modi f ying; nu-
merical simulation
使用黑色金属的直齿圆柱齿轮冷精锻是当今国
内外的研究热点问题
[1 ,2]
, 由 于目前冷精 锻圆柱齿
轮往往只有 GB/ T10095.12001/ 910 级,因此无法
满足实际需要
[ 3]
.影响齿 轮冷精锻精度的因素较为
复杂,主要原因是冷锻时模具和 坯料都要承受很大
压力且该压力分布不均, 这一方面会使模具发生弹
收稿日期: 20040405 . 作者简介: 刘 华(1962~),男,在职博士生,现在郑州机械研究所任研究员 . 基金项目: 国家
高技术发展研究计划资助项目(2001AA421250) .