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Antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange coupling

in Pt/Co multilayers with perpendicular anisotropy

Z.Y. Liu, F. Zhang, H.L. Chen, B. Xu, D.L. Yu, J.L. He, Y.J. Tian

State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology,

Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China

Email:

liuzy0319@yahoo.com, fhcl@ysu.edu.cn

Abstract

By using one ultrathin NiO layer to replace the Pt capping layer in the Co/Pt

multilayer with perpendicular anisotropy, we present direct evidence for the existence

of antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling between the Co layers through the Pt layers

thicker than 24 Å. The NiO capping layers play two key roles in the observation of

antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling. One is the manipulation of the coercivity of the

Co layer in contact with the NiO layer, the other is the enhancement of the electron

reflectivities at the Co/Pt interfaces via the specular scattering effect at the Co-NiO

interface. The thermal variation of the magnetization of the Co layer also plays an

important role in the observed antiferromagnetic coupling due to its strong effect on the

phase of electron reflectivity at the Co/Pt interfaces. The magnetization-dependent

phase can lead to the ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic transition of the interlayer

coupling at high temperature. All these factors are combined together to realize the

direct observation of antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling in the Co/Pt multilayer with

perpendicular anisotropy.

Keywords: Antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling; Co/Pt multilayer;

Perpendicular anisotropy

http://www.paper.edu.cn

1 Introduction

Since the discovery of the antiferromagnetic (AF) interlayer exchange coupling (IEC)[1] and

giant magnetoresistance (GMR)[2] in the layered ferromagnetic (FM) films separated by the

metallic Cr spacers, these phenomena have been subjects of great interest. A variety of

nonmagnetic spacer materials have been investigated and the AF IEC has been observed, for

example, the transition metals[3, 4] To date, most of the layered FM films with the AF IEC have

the in-plane anisotropy. In recent years, the observations of the AF IEC in the layered FM films

with the perpendicular anisotropy[5]-[7] have stimulated intensive investigations on the these

artificial antiferromagnets.[8]-[14] For their design, the Pt/Co multilayers have been often taken as

the FM building blocks. However, the IEC between the Co layers via the Pt layers has been an

intriguing problem in the Pt/Co multilayers themselves. For the transition-metallic Pt spacers,

although the theoretical calculations predict the existence of the AF IEC,[15] the previous

experimental studies have revealed only the FM IEC with the oscillatory coupling strength as a

function of the Pt layer thickness resulting from the RKKY-type interactions.[16, 17] The

polarization of the Pt layers owing to the Co 3d-Pt 5d hybridization at the Pt/Co interfaces, which

makes the Pt layers become weakly FM, are considered to play an important role in the FM

IEC.[17]

Understanding the IEC in the Pt/Co multilayers is significant for the design of the

artificial antiferromagnets with perpendicular anisotropy[14] and their applications in spintronic

devices.[18]

In the present work, our experimental investigations on the [Pt/Co]

mutliayers capped by one

ultrathin NiO layer have presented unambiguous evidence for the existence of AF IEC between

the Co layers across the Pt layers with thickness larger than 24 Å. This AF IEC is found to be

thermally dependent, and is very sensitive to the thicknesses of the NiO capping layer and the Pt

layer.

2 Sample preparation and measurements

The samples with the configuration of [Pt(t

Å)/Co(4 Å)]

/NiO(t

NiO

Å) were prepared onto the

glass substrates covered with 100 Å Pt buffer layer using the dc and rf magnetron sputtering in 4

mTorr Ar pressure. The base pressure before deposition was 4x10

-7

Torr. The deposition rates from

the Pt (99.95%), Co (99.9%), and NiO (98%) targets were calibrated to be 0.28. 0.18, and 0.21 Å

/s, respectively. X-ray diffraction measurements display that the samples are highly fcc(111)

textured, and the grazing incident X-ray reflectivity confirms the high quality of the interfaces.

The measurements of extraordinary Hall effect (EHE) and magnetoresistance (MR) were

performed in PPMS (QuantumDesign) with the magnetic field and the current applied

out-of-plane and in-plane, respectively.

http://www.paper.edu.cn

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